Table 1: Seafaring Community Indulging in Plundering Kathiawad Pirates Kachchh Pirates Malabar Pirates S. No. Community Place Occupation Community Place Occupation Community Place Occupation Saltwater Bharuch Malabar, Zamorin’s Fishermen 1. MACHHI & - - - KUNJALI Kotte & naval & Sailors Valsad Cochin soldiers KHARWA Veraval, Saltwater KHARWA Mandvi Saltwater Alibag, Fishermen Diu Fishermen Byet, Fishermen Mangaon & 2. Rajput, Cambay, & Sailors Rajput, KHARVI Dwarka & & Sailors & Sailors Koli Surat, Lascar, Koli & Porbandar Lascar Mahad & Muslim Hansot ply-boat Muslim Freshwater All over Fishermen 3. BHOI - Fishermen - - - BHOI Malabar & Sailors & Sailors coast Byet, Diu, Saltwater Mahad Fishermen Dwarka, Fishermen 4. BHADELA BHADELA - Lascar GABIT and & Sailors Jaffrabad, & Sailors Ratnagiri Jamnagar Lascar Saltwater Byet, Fishermen, Halar Fishermen 5. VAGHER VAGHER Dwarka, Pirates & MAPPILA Kerala Seafarers Navanagar & Sailors Okhamandal Freebooter Lascar Nawanagar, Saltwater 6. SANGHAR Khambhaliya Fishermen SANGHAR - - MALABARI Malabar Sailors Porbandar. & Sailors Nongmaithem Keshorjit Singh Page 112 a Table 1: Seafaring Community Indulging in Plundering Saltwater Bombay, Fishermen Fishermen, ANGRIAS Karwar, 7. MIANA Malia MIANA Vavaniya Sailors & Sailors Pirates (MARATHA) Gheria, Lascar Kolaba Saltwater 8. DHEBRA Surat Fishermen - - - - - - & Sailors Kolaba, Byet, Fishermen Fishermen Rahtad, Dwarka, and All over the Sailors & KOLI & 9. KOLI & Sailors KOLI Mangaon Porbandar coast Fishermen Sailors Lascar Bassein & Cheul Diu, KOLI Fishermen 10. Bhavnagar, - - - - - - KHARWA & Sailors Talaja KASBATI Gogha, Surat Fishermen 11. - - - - - - KHARWA & Bharuch & Sailors Fishermen 12. MANEKS Okhamandal - - - - - - & Sailors Mangrol, KABAVA- Fishermen 13. Porbandar - - - - - - LIYA & Sailors & Veraval Source: James Campbell , Hindu and Tribes of Gujarat, Vol. II, 1988 & C. A. Kincaid The Outlaws of Kathiawad and Other Studies, 1905 Nongmaithem Keshorjit Singh Page 112 a Table II: Piracy and Piratal Aggressions Pre- c. 1750 in Western Indian Ocean Sr. Piracy Category Place Name of Ship Description Source No. Time Pirate Victim (in circa) 1. 1311 Malabar Pirate Quilon Not known Not known Ibn Battuta was Hussain, Mahdi, The Rehla of Ibn (Name not (Malabar) travelling from Quilon Battuta (India, Maldives Islands and known) to Fandarayna (Kollam) Ceylon), Baroda (1976), p. 192 but his ship was wrecked near Quilon and all the goods were plundered 2. 1344. Gujarati Pirate Returning Not known Indigenous Ibn Battuta’s Saletore, R.N., Indian Pirates: From (Name not towards encounters with the Earliest Times to the Present Day, known) Patan indigenous pirates who Delhi, 1978, p. 33 plundered vessels while returning to Fattan (Patan) 3. 1536 Ali Abrahem Cotta/Kotte Not known Not known Travel to Colombo and Obeyesekere, Donald, Outlines of (Malabar Pirate) plundered Cotta/Kotte Ceylon History, The Times of Ceylon, Colombo, 1911, p. 212 4. 1606 Malabar Pirate Not Known Not known Not known Malabar Pirate Saletore, R.N., Indian Pirates: From (Name not plundered 60 or more the Earliest Times to the Present Day, known) Portuguese ships Delhi, 1978, p. 170 5. 1607 Malabar Pirate Hormuz Not known Not known Malabar Pirate captured Saletore, R.N., Indian Pirates: From (Name not a ship which belonged the Earliest Times to the Present Day, known) to Hormuz Delhi, 1978, p. 170 Nongmaithem Keshorjit Singh 133a | P a g e Table II: Piracy and Piratal Aggressions Pre- c. 1750 in Western Indian Ocean 6. 1635 William Cobbe Near the Roebuck Mahmudi & Two Junks Mahmudi Rawlinson, H.G., British Beginnings (English Pirate) mouth of Taufiqui of Diu & Taufiqui of in Western India 1579-1657, the Aden Mirza Mahmud a Surat Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1921, p. 101 (Red Sea) merchant were plundered by William Cobbe of Royal Navy near Aden 7. 1640 Malabar Pirate Not known Not known Hope The East India Rawlinson, H.G., British Beginnings (Name not Company’s ship Hope in Western India 1579-1657, the known) was plundered by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1921, p. 109 Malabar Pirate 8. 1683 Arab Pirate Persian Gulf Not known President Arab Pirate of Muscat Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Name not plundered President in Malabar and an Englishwoman in known) the Persian Gulf India Two Hundred Years Ago, London, 1907, pp. 72-73 9. 1684 Sanganian pirate Arabian Sea Not known Josiah Sangainian Pirate Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Ketch) attacked Josiah and Malabar and an Englishwoman in blew India Two Hundred Years Ago, London, 1907, pp.73-74 10. 1685 Sanganian Pirate Arabian Sea Not known Phoenix Sanganian Pirate Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Name not (British attacked Pheonix, an Malabar and an Englishwoman in known) Warship) English warship but India Two Hundred Years Ago, Phoenix fight back and London, 1907, p. 74 sunk pirate ship and killed 41 caught and 107 were killed Nongmaithem Keshorjit Singh 133a | P a g e Table II: Piracy and Piratal Aggressions Pre- c. 1750 in Western Indian Ocean 11. 1688 Byet Pirate Arms of Not known Thomas Byet Pirate attack Biddulph, John, The Pirates of Arabian Sea Thomas which was Malabar and an Englishwoman in sailing under English India Two Hundred Years Ago, captain Lavender. London, 1907, pp.74-75 He resisted against the Pirate but killed onboard 12. 1691 Dane pirates At the mouth Not known Not known Dane pirate plundered Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Name not of Tapti river ship of Abdul Ghaffor Malabar and an Englishwoman in known) at the mouth of Tapti India Two Hundred Years Ago, river London, 1907, p. 13 13. 1694 John Steel Not known Not Known Rugby John Steel an official of Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (English Pirate) (Frigate) the East India Company Malabar and an Englishwoman in had stolen a Frigate India Two Hundred Years Ago, ‘Ruby’ from the London, 1907, pp. 15-16 company. Later, he took the French protection 14. 1695 Henry Every Red Sea Not known Mughal Henry Every captured Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (English Pirate) ship Mughal ship along with Malabar and an Englishwoman in (name not young Mughal lady India Two Hundred Years Ago, known) (name not known) London, 1907, pp.15-16 15. 1696 Henry Every Near Aden Anno Not known Henry Every plundered Hamilton, Alexander, A New Account (English Pirate) a Bombay ship of the East Indies, 2nd edition, Vol.1, commanded by Saw New Delhi, 1995, pp. 42-43 bridge which was carrying Arabian horses from Aden to Surat Nongmaithem Keshorjit Singh 133a | P a g e Table II: Piracy and Piratal Aggressions Pre- c. 1750 in Western Indian Ocean 16. 1696 William Kidd Sanjan north Adventure Mary Mary, a small vessel of Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (English Pirate) of Bombay Galley Surat was plundered by Malabar and an Englishwoman in William Kidd near India Two Hundred Years Ago, Sanjan London, 1907, pp. 45-46 17. 1697 Muscat Arab Probably near Not known London Affleck, a English Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Name not Muscat merchant ship from Malabar and an Englishwoman in known) London was plundered India Two Hundred Years Ago, by Arab Pirates of London, 1907, pp. 35-36 Muscat 18. 1698 Dirk Chivers Cape of Soldado Sedgwick Sedgwick was sailing Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Dutch Pirate) Comorin also known from Ajengo Malabar and an Englishwoman in as Algerine (Thiruvananthapuram) India Two Hundred Years Ago, to St. David Fort London, 1907, p. 49. (Cuddalore, Chennai) was plundered by Dirk Chivers. 19. 1698 William Kidd Few Adventure Quedah Quedah Merchant Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (English Pirate) kilometers Galley Merchant belong to Indian Malabar and an Englishwoman in from Cochin merchants named India Two Hundred Years Ago, Corgi was sailing from London, 1907, pp. 49-51 Bengal to Surat along with Armenian merchants. It was sailed under Captain John Wright and plundered by William Kidd Nongmaithem Keshorjit Singh 133a | P a g e Table II: Piracy and Piratal Aggressions Pre- c. 1750 in Western Indian Ocean 20. 1702 Kanhoji Angria Konkan Not known English Kanhoji had plundered Biddulph, John, The Pirates of Ship (Name an English trading Malabar and an Englishwoman in not known) vessel from Calicut India Two Hundred Years Ago, London, 1907, p. 77 21. 1707 Kanhoji Angria Konkan Not known Bombay Kanhoji attacked an Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Frigate) English frigate Malabar and an Englishwoman in Bombay and blown up India Two Hundred Years Ago, London, 1907, pp. 77-78 22. 1707 Indian Pirate Not known Not known Anno Pirate attacked Anno Hamilton, Alexander, A New Account (Name not ship and captured Capt. of the East Indies, 2nd edition, Vol.1, known) Murvel which was New Delhi, 1995, p. 63 sailing from Bengal to Persia 23. 1710 Kanhoji Angria Near Bombay Not known Dolphin Kanhoji attacked an Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Konkan Pirate) English ship Dolphin Malabar and an Englishwoman in after capturing Kennery India Two Hundred Years Ago, (Khanderi) London, 1907, p. 78 24. 1712 Kanhoji Angria Karwar Not known Anne Kanhoji captured an Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Konkan Pirate) (Karnataka) armed yacht of William Malabar and an Englishwoman in Aislable, a Governor of India Two Hundred Years Ago, Bombay & Anne ketch London, 1907, p. 80 from Karwar .Chief Thomas Chown of Karwar Factory was killed and kidnapped his wife Nongmaithem Keshorjit Singh 133a | P a g e Table II: Piracy and Piratal Aggressions Pre- c. 1750 in Western Indian Ocean 25. 1712 Kanhoji Angria North coast Grab & Somers & Somers & Grantham of Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Konkan Pirate) of Goa. Gallivat Grantham English (EIC ) was Malabar and an Englishwoman in attacked by Kanhoji India Two Hundred Years Ago, near north coast of Goa London, 1907, p. 80 while sailing from England to Bombay 26. 1716 Kanhoji Angria On the way Not known Success Kanhoji Angria, Biddulph, John, The Pirates of (Konkan Pirate) to Surat (East captured Success, East Malabar and an Englishwoman in Indiaman) Indiaman on the way India Two Hundred Years Ago, from Surat London, 1907, p. 99 27.