TEUNIS WILLEM VAN HEININGEN THE CORRESPONDENCE OF SEBALD JUSTINUS BRUGMANS (1763-1819) The Hague 2010 Dutch - History of Science - Web Centre (www.dwc.knaw.nl) Portrait cover and on p. 6: © Academisch Historisch Museum, Leiden Digital series: Tools and Sources for the History of Science in the Netherlands, volume 1 (2008). (Huib J. Zuidervaart & Ilja Nieuwland, editors) Digital publication of the Dutch - History of Science - Web Centre (www.dwc.knaw.nl) of the Huygens Instituut (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences - KNAW) The Hague, The Netherlands Available in ‘Printing on Demand’ since 2010 at Uitgeverij U2pi BV - JouwBoek.nl Voorburg (www.jouwboek.nl), The Netherlands ISBN 978-90-8759-158-8 © The Author / DWC- Huygens Institute (KNAW) – Digital edition 2008 / PoD 2010 CONTENTS Introduction Codes of the locations of provenance of the documents Abbreviations of the disciplines and subjects 1 Biography 2 Correspondence with Jan Hendrik van Swinden 3 Correspondence with Sir Joseph Banks 4 Leyden University, Rectorships and career 5 Pharmacopoea Batava and Pharmacopoea Belgica 6 Military Medicine 7 Correspondence with Christianus Carolus Henricus van der Aa 8 Correspondence with Martinus van Marum 9 Correspondence with Johan Meerman 10 Correspondence with Gerardus Vrolik 11 Correspondence with Jacob van Breda and Jacobus Gijsbertus Samuel van Breda 12 The Cabinet of Natural History of the Stadholder 13 Building up a collection 14 Miscellaneous Biographical notes Correspondence S.J. Brugmans / 1 INTRODUCTION This publication is the result of an investigation of documents kept in several archives and libraries in the Netherlands and abroad. The research has been carried out between 1995 and 2004. The execution of this ambitious project has been made possible by the financial support of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague). This institution awarded me a short time travel grant for two trips to Paris in the spring of 2001. Furthermore I have been supported by a personal donation received from Mrs. A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, professor emeritus of history of medicine at Leyden University. I also owe much gratitude to the staff members and assistants of the National Archives of North- Holland (Haarlem, The Netherlands), who rendered me invaluable services during the past decade. The same gratitude I owe to Dr. Jean-Jacques Ferrandis, the honorary curator of the Archives and Museum of EASSA/Val the Grâce in Paris and his friendly assistant Camille Gargar, to the employees of the Centre Historique des Archives Nationales (Paris), to the personnel of the Service Historique de l’Armée de Terre (Chateau de Vincennes, Paris), to the librarian and the assistants of the library of the Institut de France (Paris) and to the librarians of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (Paris). I still remember the many happy hours I spent in the Salle Labrouste (site Rue de Richelieu) of the French national library and later on in the new Bibliothèque Nationale de France (site Quai François Mauriac/Tolbiac). The same gratitude I owe to the curator and to the employees of the Natural History Museum in London (UK), to the librarian of the Teylers Foundation (Haarlem, The Netherlands), to the curator and employees of the Dousa Room of the library of Leyden University, to Harry Leechburch Auwers, the curator of the Library of Museum Boerhaave (National Museum of the History of Science and Medicine, Leyden), to the librarian and archivist of Naturalis (National Museum of Natural History, Leyden) and finally to the employees of all those institutions mentioned on the next page (see: Codes of the locations of origin of the documents), who have contributed to the fast grow of my personal archives on the subject of the fascinating and many-sided scientist Sebald Justinus Brugmans. Van Heiningen / 2 This research of almost a decade has been carried out by me as an independent scholar – a position which rendered me much freedom. The research was initiated as a reply to the official request made by Professor Harm Beukers, then professor of history of medicine of Leyden University (LUMC/department of Metamedica, Leyden, The Netherlands) and Professor Rob Visser (then professor of history of natural sciences at the Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences of Leyden University). All documents, dug up during my countless hunts in the Netherlands, my numerous sejourns in Paris, in Germany (Berlin), in Belgium (Brussels and Ghent) and in the United Kingdom (London), have found their niches in this book, a few printed documents excepted. Of each of these documents the most important details have been recorded at the end of this book: their source (location), file-code, name of the sender (+ town or village), name of the addressee (+ town or village) and date (of dispatching of the document). In most of the problematic cases, a lacking date could be reconstructed after a thorough analysis of the contents of the document, followed by a comparison with other documents, related to it by its contents, its author or its addressee. The description of the documents is preceded by an explanation of the codes of the institutions which have been visited, for as far as these efforts have produced results. In each thematic chapter, chronology has been followed consequently. By doing so, it has been possible to bring into prominence the hidden relation between various letters and also between various correspondents. Further subdivisions have been left out. It is my sincere hope that those who read this biography and its letters, will be pleased by the rich sources and – on the other hand – that they will be able to inform me about the existence of more letters and other documents, which are still unknown to me. This book ends with a complete chronological list – divided into periods – of all the documents, which have been analysed and summarised. Finally an index of names and subjects is given. Teunis Willem van Heiningen Losser (The Netherlands), April 2008 Correspondence S.J. Brugmans / 3 CODES OF THE LOCATIONS OF PROVENANCE OF THE DOCUMENTS AC Archieven van Curatoren (Archives of the governors of Leyden University), Leyden, the Netherlands. AN-CHAN Centre Historique des Archives Nationales (National Archives), Paris, France). ASF Archieven van de Senaat en de Faculteiten (Archives of the Senate and the Faculties of Leyden University), Leyden, The Netherlands. ATS Archieven van de Teylers Stichting (Archives of the Teylers Foundation), Haarlem, The Netherlands. BM British Museum (including the Natural History Museum, NHM), London, UK. BNF Bibliothèque Nationale de France or Bibliothèque François Mittérand (the National Library of France, Paris, site Tolbiac, Quai François Mauriac), Paris, France. EASSA Archives et Bibliothèque de l’Hôpital du Val-de-Grâce (Archives and Library of the military hospital Val de Grâce), Paris, France. GAU Gemeente-archief Utrecht (City Archives), Utrecht, The Netherlands. GNM Germanisches National Museum (German National Museum), Stuttgart, Germany. HMW Archieven van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen (Archives of the Dutch Society of Sciences), preserved in the Rijksarchief van Noord-Holland (RANH), ( State Archives of North Holland), Haarlem, The Netherlands. IDF Institut de France (Archives and Library of the French National Institute, Academy of Sciences), Paris, France. KB Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Royal Library), The Hague, The Netherlands. KHI Koninklijk Hollandsch Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letterkunde en Schoone Kunsten (Royal Dutch Institute of Sciences, literature and Fine Arts, Amsterdam), in 1810 renamed as Institut d’Amsterdam, in Van Heiningen / 4 1815 continued as: Koninklijk Nederlandsch Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letterkunde en Schoone Kunsten (Royal Netherlands Institute of Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts, Amsterdam). KNI Archieven van het Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letterkunde en Schoone Kunsten, preserved in the Rijksarchief van Noord-Holland (State Archives of North Holland), Haarlem, The Netherlands. L-MET Documents, preserved by the Department of History of Medicine, Metamedica, Leyden University Medical Centre/Faculty of Medicine, Leyden, The Netherlands (These documents are also present in Haarlem). MMW Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum, The Hague, The Netherlands. MNHN Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History), Paris, France. NA Nationaal Archief (National Archives), The Hague, The Netherlands. NA-NHA Nationaal Archief-Noord-Hollands Archief (State Archives of North Holland), Haarlem, The Netherlands. NAT Naturalis / Rijksmuseum voor Natuurlijke Historie (National Museum of Natural History), Leyden, The Netherlands. SHAT Service Historique de l’Armée de Terre (History Department of the French Army), Chateau de Vincennes, Paris, France. UBA Bibliotheek Universiteit van Amsterdam (Library of the University of Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands. UBL Bibliotheek Universiteit Leiden (Library and Archives of Leyden University), Leyden, The Netherlands. BPL Biliotheca Publica Latina, Leyden University. UBU Bibliotheek van de Universiteit van Utrecht (Library of the University of Utrecht), Utrecht, The Netherlands. In the ‘Register of letters from and to Brugmans’ priority will be given to the above mentioned abbreviations of the locations of these documents. Correspondence S.J. Brugmans / 5 ABBREVIATIONS OF THE DISCIPLINES AND SUBJECTS ANP Anatomy and Anthropology, Human and Animal Physiology AGR Agriculture, Fertilization