The Csound Book Edited by Richard Boulanger The Csound Book Perspectives in Software Synthesis, Sound Design, Signal Processing, and Programming The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England ᭧ 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in Times Roman by Graphic Composition, Inc., on the Miles 33 typesetting system. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Csound book : perspectives in software synthesis, sound design, signal processing, and programming / edited by Richard Boulanger. p. cm. Discography: p. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-262-52261-6 (alk. paper) 1. Computer music—Instruction and study. 2. Computer composition. I. Boulanger, Richard Charles, 1956– . MT723.C77 1999 786.7Ј413453042—dc21 99-14922 CIP This book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Robert Cooper Through his music and his evangelization of Csound, so many young musicians came to see the light. Book Contents Foreword xxvii Barry Vercoe Preface xxxi Max Mathews Acknowledgments xxxiii Introduction xxxvii How to Use This Book xxxix Software Synthesis Csound Fundamentals 1. Introduction to Sound Design in Csound 5 Richard Boulanger 2. Understanding and Using Csound’s GEN Routines 65 Jon Christopher Nelson 3. What Happens When You Run Csound 99 John ffitch viii Book Contents 4. Optimizing Your Csound Instruments 123 Paris Smaragdis 5. Using Csound’s Macro Language Extensions 137 John ffitch Imitative Synthesis 6. Designing Acoustically Viable Instruments in Csound 155 Stephen David Beck 7. Designing Legato Instruments in Csound 171 Richard Dobson 8. Contiguous-Group Wavetable Synthesis of the French Horn in Csound 187 Andrew Horner and Lydia Ayers 9. FM Synthesis and Morphing in Csound: from Percussion to Brass 197 Brian Evans 10. Modeling “Classic” Electronic Keyboards in Csound 207 Hans Mikelson Algorithmic Synthesis 11. A Survey of Classic Synthesis Techniques in Csound 223 Rajmil Fischman 12. A Guide to FM Implementation in Csound 261 Russell Pinkston 13. A Guide to Granular Synthesis in Csound 281 Allan S. C. Lee 14. A Guide to FOF and FOG Synthesis in Csound 293 Michael Clarke 15. Processing Samples with Csound’s FOF Opcode 307 Per Byrne Villez ix Book Contents Mathematical Models 16. A Look at Random Numbers, Noise, and Chaos with Csound 321 John ffitch 17. Constrained Random Event Generation and Retriggering in Csound 339 Russell Pinkston 18. Using Global Csound Instruments for Meta-Parameter Control 353 Martin Dupras 19. Mathematical Modeling with Csound: From Waveguides to Chaos 369 Hans Mikelson Signal Processing Understanding Signal Processing through Csound 20. An Introduction to Signal Processing with Csound 389 Erik Spjut 21. Understanding Csound’s Spectral Data Types 437 Barry Vercoe Delay, Chorus, Reverberation, and 3D Audio 22. Using Csound to Understand Delay Lines and Their Applications 451 Russell Pinkston 23. An Introduction to Reverberation Design with Csound 467 Eric Lyon 24. Implementing the Gardner Reverbs in Csound 483 Hans Mikelson 25. Csound-based Auditory Localization 493 David McIntyre and Eli Breder x Book Contents Working with Csound’s Signal Processing Utilities 26. Convolution in Csound: Traditional and Novel Applications 507 Erik Spjut 27. Working with Csound’s ADSYN, LPREAD, and LPRESON Opcodes 521 Magdalena Klapper 28. Csound’s Phase Vocoder and Extensions 541 Richard Karpen Modeling Commercial Signal Processing Applications 29. Efficient Implementation of Analog Waveshaping in Csound 563 Michael Pochino 30. Modeling a Multieffects Processor in Csound 575 Hans Mikelson Programming Adding Opcodes 31. Extending Csound 599 John ffitch 32. Adding New Unit Generators to Csound 613 Marc Resibois Appendixes 1. List of the Csound Book Chapter Instruments 637 2. Recommended Reading 645 xi Book Contents 3. Recommended Listening 647 4. Sound Intensity and Formants Values 653 5. Pitch Conversion Table 657 6. Csound’s Error Messages 663 7. Csound Quick Reference 701 Index 727 CD-ROM Contents CD-ROM Chapters MIDI and Real-time 1. Introduction to MIDI Instrument Design in Csound Richard Boulanger 2. Csound-based Microtonal Synthesis and Control with MIDI Bill Alves 3. Real-time Synthesis in Csound with MIDI Control Michael Berry 4. MIDI Instrument Designs for Real Time Performance Gabriel Maldonado 5. Using Real-time Csound MIDI with Windows Gabriel Maldonado 6. Implementing MIDI Opcodes in Csound Gabriel Maldonado Algorithmic Composition 7. An Introduction to Cscore Archer Endrich 8. Algorithmic Score Generators Michael Gogins xiv CD-ROM Contents Interface Design 9. Creating and Using a Platform-Independent GUI for Csound in Java Michael Gogins 10. Improving a Composer’s Interface: Recent Developments to Csound for the Power Macintosh Computer Matt Ingalls 11. VMCI: An Interface to Control Csound in Real-time under Windows Gabriel Maldonado 12. Cecilia: A Production Interface to Csound Jean Piche´ and Alexandre Burton Sonification 13. Audification of Heart Rhythms in Csound Mark Ballora, Bruce Pennycook and Leon Glass 14. Some “Golden Rules” for Designing Auditory Displays Stephen Barrass 15. Using Csound for Sonification David Rossiter Software Synthesis, Signal Processing, and Sound Design 16. An Introduction to Sound Synthesis with Wavelet Packets Pedro A. G. Batista 17. Neural Processing in Csound Pedro A. G. Batista 18. Tools for Heterodyne Data Manipulation Fabio P. Bertolotti 19. NetSound: Structured Audio using Auditory Group Theory Michael A. Casey 20. Analog Dreams: Modeling Commercial Synthesizers Josep M Comajuncosas xv CD-ROM Contents 21. Physical Models of Strings and Plates Using a Simplified Mass-string Method Josep M Comajuncosas 22. Wave-terrain Synthesis Josep M Comajuncosas 23. Multi-band Processing with Time-varying Filters Rajmil Fischman 24. Spatialization—Stereo and Ambisonic Richard W. E. Furse 25. Designing Digital Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters Themis Katsianos 26. Terrain-Mapping Hans Mikelson 27. Three Modeling Approaches to Instrument Design Eduardo Reck Miranda 28. The Design of Equalizers and Compressors for Studio Use Erez Webman Composing with Csound 29. From Trapped in Convert to At Last . Free Richard Boulanger 30. Composing with Csound: Howl and Macchu Picchu Riccardo Bianchini 31. Temporal Synthesis Noel Bush 32. Recontextualizing Ambient Music with Csound Kim Cascone 33. From Research to Programming to Composition Michael Clarke xvi CD-ROM Contents 34. Composing with Digital Editing Systems and Csound Robert L. Cooper 35. Composing Fractal Music with Csound Brian Evans 36. Composing with Chaos John ffitch 37. Via Creativa/Via Transformativa, Gifts, Lux Hominum, Et Vitam Venturi III Arthur B. Hunkins 38. Composing with Csound on the Macintosh Matt Ingalls 39. Composing With Csound: adeson TN Magdalena Klapper 40. The Csound SuperSampler/Sequencer James Mobberley 41. Granular Strategies Jon Christopher Nelson 42. On Composing The Impossible Planet Luca Pavan 43. Extending Timbral Possibilities for Mixed Ensembles Ileana Perez 44. Composing Invade Areas Where Nothing’s Definite Derek Pierce 45. Reteplas: Microtonal Csound Composition Sal Sofia xvii CD-ROM Contents CD-ROM Tutorials The Original Csound Toots: A Sound Design TOOTorial for Beginners Richard Boulanger A 12-Week Csound Course Keith Hamel Exploring Analog Synth Techniques in Csound Jacob Joaquin Csound for Artists: Building Unique Virtual Instruments for Your Compositions Roger King A Csound Primer Hans Mikelson A Semester of Csound: Class Notes Jon Christopher Nelson A Csound Introductory Tutorial Dave Philips The Eastman Tutorials Allan Schindler An Introduction to Csound Eric L. Singer A Beginner Tutorial Barry Vercoe CD-ROM Music Selected Csound Compositions Trapped in Convert and Two Movements in C Richard Boulanger xviii CD-ROM Contents Hiway 70 Bill Alves Shadowland Steve Antosca Swarm Tim Barrass Voices ϭ Wind Mike Berry Intract Noel Bush BlueCube( ) Kim Cascone Cymbolic and Perks Robert L. Cooper Otis Sean Costello Leap Frog Steven Curtin Drums and Different Canons John ffitch For Fofs Dan Gutwein Acid Bach Suite Jeff Harrington Via Creativa/Via Transformativa , Gifts , Lux Hominum , and Et Vitam Venturi III Arthur B. Hunkins Grooving Night Thomas Huber xix CD-ROM Contents Halloween, Temple, Valentine and New Age Hans Mikelson Descent and Etude 1 William ‘Pete’ Moss Invade Areas Where Nothing’s Definite Derek Pierce Reteplas and Echoes from Mir Sal Sofia Spare Luxury One Robin Whittle Selected Student Compositions and Etudes Berklee College of Music Students of Richard Boulanger Altin, Anzola, Baron, Bax, Bregitzer, Castelli, Chen, Choi, Ciarcia, Cohen, Conrad, Cooksey, Crooker, DeGruttola, Dower, Elkins, Enhus, Friedman, Friendenreich, Gaete, Haddad, Hingoraney, Ishizaka, James, Jenkins, Jennings, Joaquin, Kang, Keddie, Keisler, Kim, Krugman, Malak, Mariano, McClinsey, Miller, Monahan, Nelson, Pease, Pietrusko, Pride, Rebel, Scaturro, Shaw, Stupka, Tavano, Thunder, Van Haecke, Varo, Vynios, Walen, Ward-Bergeman, Welsh, Yoshioka, Zuckerman Bowling Green State University Students of Burton Beerman Harden, Zygmut Glasgow Students of Eduardo Miranda Brown, Hein, McAlpine, Newton, Wade Louisiana State University Students of Stephen Beck Alderson, Blandino, Endicott, Johnson, Price, Urban MIT