Emerging reputation mechanisms for scholars A literature-based theoretical framework of scholarly activities and a state-of-the-art appraisal of the social networking services used by scholars, to build, maintain and showcase their reputations David Nicholas Eti Herman Hamid R. Jamali 2015 Report EUR 27174 EN European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Contact information Address: Edificio Expo. c/ Inca Garcilaso, 3. E-41092 Seville (Spain) E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +34 954488318 Fax: +34 954488300 https://ec.europa.eu/jrc https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/institutes/ipts Legal Notice This publication is a Science and Policy Report by the Joint Research Centre, the European Commission’s in-house science service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policy-making process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. All images © European Union 2015 JRC94955 EUR 27174 EN ISBN 978-92-79-47225-1 (PDF) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) doi:10.2791/891948 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Abstract This interim report is part of the JRC-IPTS commissioned study "Analysis of emerging reputation mechanisms for scholars". It aims to set the conceptual framework for the analysis of the data gathered in the subsequent empirical, case-study phases of the investigation. The first part of the report offers an exhaustive literature review for the theoretical framework of scholarly activities based on an updated model of Boyer's (1990) framework and its various reputation building aspects. The second part is a state-of-the-art appraisal of the novel social networking services used by scholars, to build, maintain and showcase their reputation. The framework introduced above serves as the frame of reference for the analysis of the data from 25 such services used by scholars. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 4 PART 1 - THE WORK LIFE OF SCHOLARS IN THE DIGITAL AGE AND ITS REPUTATION BUILDING COMPONENTS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .................................................. 7 I. A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SCHOLARLY ACTIVITIES ......................................................... 8 II. CONCLUDING REMARKS.......................................................................................................................... 24 III. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................. 25 IV. ANNEX ......................................................................................................................................................... 30 PART 2 - A STATE-OF-THE-ART APPRAISAL OF THE SOCIAL NETWORKING SERVICES USED BY SCHOLARS TO BUILD, MAINTAIN AND SHOWCASE THEIR REPUTATIONS . 50 I. METHOD FOR THE SCOPING STUDY ..................................................................................................... 51 II. REVIEW ......................................................................................................................................................... 53 Altmetric services .................................................................................................................................... 53 1. KUDOS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 53 2. IMPACTSTORY ............................................................................................................................................................................ 56 3. FOLDIT ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 59 4. SOCIENTIZE ................................................................................................................................................................................. 62 Code repositories ..................................................................................................................................... 64 5. GitHub ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 64 Data repositories ..................................................................................................................................... 67 6. DRYAD ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 67 Discipline-specific academic social networking services.......................................................... 69 7. BIOMEDEXPERTS ...................................................................................................................................................................... 69 8. EPERNICUS .................................................................................................................................................................................. 72 9. MYEXPERIMENT ........................................................................................................................................................................ 74 10. SCITABLE ................................................................................................................................................................................... 76 Electronic laboratory notebooks ........................................................................................................ 78 11. LABFOLDER .............................................................................................................................................................................. 78 Multidisciplinary academic social networking services ............................................................. 80 12. ACADEMIA ................................................................................................................................................................................. 80 13. ACADEMICI ............................................................................................................................................................................... 84 14. LABROOTS ................................................................................................................................................................................ 87 15. MYNETRESEARCH ................................................................................................................................................................. 90 1 16. MYSCIENCEWORK ................................................................................................................................................................. 92 17. PROFOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................................................. 94 18. RESEARCHGATE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 96 Open Peer review systems ................................................................................................................ 100 19. PEEREVALUATION.............................................................................................................................................................. 100 Professional social networking services ...................................................................................... 102 20. LINKEDIN ................................................................................................................................................................................ 102 Q & A Sites .............................................................................................................................................. 106 21. STACKOVERFLOW .............................................................................................................................................................. 106 Reference management tools with social media feature ...................................................... 109 22. BIBSONOMY .......................................................................................................................................................................... 109 23. MENDELEY ............................................................................................................................................................................. 112 Review systems for MOOCs..............................................................................................................