Snapshots of Evolving Traditions Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur (TU) Archiv für die Ausgabe der Griechischen Christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten Jahrhunderte Begründet von O. von Gebhardt und A. von Harnack Herausgegeben von Christoph Markschies Band 175 Snapshots of Evolving Traditions Jewish and Christian Manuscript Culture, Textual Fluidity, and New Philology Edited by Liv Ingeborg Lied & Hugo Lundhaug Herausgegeben durch die Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften von Christoph Markschies ISBN 978-3-11-034418-9 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-034805-7 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-038397-3 ISSN 0082-3589 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Druck und Bindung: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Dedicated to Jostein Børtnes, Ingvild Sælid Gilhus, Tomas Hägg†, Tor Hauken, Geir Hellemo, Lisbeth Mikaelsson, Halvor Moxnes, Turid Karlsen Seim† and Einar Thomassen for demonstraiting the value of stimulating networks and environments for research and innovation Preface The present volume aims to provide a broad introductory exploration of the applica- bility of the perspective of New Philology to late-antique Christian and Jewish texts in their manuscript contexts, and to inspire further studies along these lines. It springs from our longstanding common interest in methodological issues related to the study of ancient texts, an interest that has been fueled in part by many years of trying to make sense of texts as they appear in their manuscripts, as well as fruitful discussions with, and the groundbreaking studies of, this book’s contributors. We would like to thank series editor Christoph Markschies and the publisher, Walter de Gruyter, in particular project editor Stefan Selbmann and production editor Sabina Dabrowski. Most of all, we would like to thank the contributors of the volume for all the work that has gone into these essays and for their patient accommodation to the editors’ various requests. Thanks are also due to the European Research Council (ERC), whose generous support of the NEWCONT-project¹ has contributed to making this volume possible. Some of the articles published here were first presented at the NEWCONT-workshop “Textual Transmission and Manuscript Culture: Textual Fluidity, ‘New Philology,’ and the Nag Hammadi (and Related) Codices,” held at the University of Oslo, 11–12 December 2012. Oslo, April 2016 Liv Ingeborg Lied and Hugo Lundhaug New Contexts for Old Texts: Unorthodox Texts and Monastic Manuscript Culture in Fourth- and Fifth-Century Egypt. ERC Grant agreement no 283741, under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013). Table of Contents Preface VII List of Contributors XI Images XII Abbreviations XIII Hugo Lundhaug & Liv Ingeborg Lied Studying Snapshots: On Manuscript Culture, Textual Fluidity, and New Philology 1 Hugo Lundhaug An Illusion of Textual Stability: Textual Fluidity, New Philology, and the Nag Hammadi Codices 20 Lance Jenott Reading Variants in James and the Apocalypse of James: A Perspective from New Philology 55 René Falkenberg The Making of a Secret Book of John: Nag Hammadi Codex III in Light of New Philology 85 Katrine Brix Two Witnesses, One Valentinian Gospel? The Gospel of Truth in Nag Hammadi Codices I and XII 126 Lillian I. Larsen Monastic Paideia and Textual Fluidity in the Classroom 146 Samuel Rubenson Textual Fluidity in Early Monasticism: Sayings, Sermons and Stories 178 J. Gregory Given Four Texts from Nag Hammadi amid the Textual and Generic Fluidity of the “Letter” in the Literature of Late Antique Egypt 201 Michael Philip Penn Know Thy Enemy: The Materialization of Orthodoxy in Syriac Manuscripts 221 X Table of Contents Jeff Childers “You Have Found What You Seek”: The Form and Function of a Sixth-Century Divinatory Bible in Syriac 242 Liv Ingeborg Lied Between “Text Witness” and “Text on the Page”: Trajectories in the History of Editing the Epistle of Baruch 272 Eva Mroczek The End of the Psalms in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Greek Codices, and Syriac Manuscripts 297 James R. Davila Translating the Hekhalot Literature: Insights from New Philology 323 Indices 347 List of contributors Katrine Brix is PhD-student at the Divinity School of Humboldt University in Berlin. Jeff W. Childers is Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity in the Graduate School of Theology, Abilene Christian University. James R. Davila is Professor of Early Jewish Studies at the University of St Andrews. René Falkenberg is Assistant Professor of Theology at Aarhus University. J. Gregory Given is PhD-student at Harvard Divinity School. Lance Jenott is a Post-doctoral Research Fellow at the University of Oslo, Faculty of Theology. Lillian I. Larsen is Chair of Religious Studies at the University of Redlands. Liv Ingeborg Lied is Professor of Religious Studies at MF Norwegian School of The- ology. Hugo Lundhaug is Professor of Biblical Reception and Early Christian Literature at the University of Oslo, Faculty of Theology. Eva Mroczek is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at the Uni- versity of California, Davis. Michael Penn is Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at Stanford Uni- versity. Samuel Rubenson is Professor of Church History at the Centre for Theology and Reli- gious Studies at Lund University. Images Fig. 1. Nag Hammadi Codex III B: The Apocryphon of John 107 Fig. 2. Nag Hammadi Codex III 69: The Gospel of the Egyptians 108 Fig. 3. Nag Hammadi Codex III 76.10–14: Eugnostos the Blessed 109 Fig. 4. Nag Hammadi Codex III 96.11–16: The Wisdom of Jesus Christ 109 Fig. 5. Nag Hammadi Codex III 143.17–19: The Dialogue of the Savior 109 Fig. 6. Nag Hammadi Codex XII 53: The Gospel of Truth 130 Fig. 7. Nag Hammadi Codex I 30: The Gospel of Truth 131 Fig. 8. Ostracon from the Monastery of Epiphanius, O.MMA 12.180.107 150 Fig. 9. Ostracon from the Monastery of Epiphanius, O.MMA 14.1.188 151 Fig. 10. Inscription from Beni Hasan 153 Fig. 11. Inscription from Beni Hasan: alphabets and syllabary 156 Fig. 12. Wooden tablet from the Monastery of Epiphanius, T.MMA 14.1.219 157 Fig. 13. Ostracon from the Monastery of Epiphanius, O.MMA 14.1.214 159 Fig. 14. Inscription from Beni Hasan: word list 160 Fig. 15. Ostracon from the Monastery of Epiphanius, O.MMA 14.1.139 164 Fig. 16. Ostracon from the Monastery of Epiphanius, O.MMA 14.1.210 165 Fig. 17. Ostracon from the Monastery of Epiphanius, Cairo 44674.118 168 Fig. 18. Ostracon from Deir el Bahri, O.Col.inv.766 170 Fig. 19. British Library Additional 14,532, ff. 22v–23r 225 Fig. 20. British Library Oriental 2309, f. 38r 231 Fig. 21. British Library Additional 14,528, f. 119r 233 Fig. 22. British Library Additional 17,119, ff. 4v–5r 245 Fig. 23. Codex Bezae, f. 308v 252 Fig. 24. Codex Sangermanensis 15, f. 126r 255 Fig. 25. Codex Sangermanensis 15, f. 89v 263 Fig. 26. British Library Additional 14,687, f. 74r 289 Fig. 27. 11QPsalmsa column 28–29 303 Fig. 28. 11QPsalmsa column 6–27 304 Fig. 29. Codex Sinaiticus, f. 128 308 Fig. 30. Codex Alexandrinus 309 Fig. 31. Ms Baghdad/Mosul 1113 (12t4). Microfilm roll 4, image 8 315 Abbreviations 1 Apoc. Jas. The (First) Apocalypse of James (NHC V,3) 2 Apoc. Jas. The (Second) Apocalypse of James (NHC V,4) Acts Pet. 12 Apost. The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostels (NHC VI,1) AJP American Journal of Philology APF.B Archiv für Papyrusforschung und Verwandte Gebiete, Beiheft Ap. Jas. The Apocryphon of James (NHC I,2) Ap. John The Apocryphon of John (NHC II,1; III,1; IV,1; PB 8502,2) Apoc. Adam The Apocalypse of Adam (NHC V,5) Apoc. Paul The Apocalypse of Paul (NHC V,2) Apoc. Pet. Apocalypse of Peter (NHC VII,3) ARKEN Akademische Reden und Kolloquien: Friedrich-Alexander- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg ArTS University of Pennsylvania Armenian Texts and Studies Asclepius Asclepius 21–29 (NHC VI,8) ATDan Acta Theologica Danica Auth. Teach. Authoritative Teaching/Authentikos Logos (NHC VI,3) BASP Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists BCNH.C Bibliothèque copte de Nag Hammadi: Section “Concordances” BCNH.É Bibliothèque copte de Nag Hammadi: Section “Études” BCNH.T Bibliothèque copte de Nag Hammadi: Section “Textes” BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium BGAM Beiträge zur Geschichte des alten Mönchtums und des Benediktinerordens BH Book History BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia Bib Biblica BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library BL British Library BL Add. British Library Additional BL Or. British Library Oriental BM British Museum BPl Bibliothèque de la Pléiade ByzF Byzantinische Forschungen ByzZ Byzantinische Zeitschrift CBET Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CHRC Church History and Religious Culture CP Classical Philology CPG Clavis patrum graecorum CSCO Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium XIV Abbreviations CSML Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature CSQ Cistercian Studies Quarterly CT Codex Tchacos CurBR Currents in Biblical Research Dial. Sav. The Dialogue of the Savior (NHC III,5) Disc. 8–9 The Discourse on the Eighth and Ninth (NHC VI,6) DJD Discoveries in the Judean Desert DRev Downside Review EAW Einleitung in die Altertumswissenschaft ECF Early Church Fathers EMTC Eastern Mediterranean Texts & Contexts Ep. Pet. Phil. The Letter of Peter to Philip (NHC VIII,2) ErIsr Eretz Israel ETLC Editorial Theory and Literary Criticism EVO Egitto e Vicino Oriente Exeg.