with Chris Dessert & Ben Safdi (1903.05088) Testing axion-like particles with X-ray emission from magnetic white dwarf stars Andrew J. Long! University of Michigan! @ Pheno 2019! May 6, 2019! Andrew J. Long (UMich)! Axion-like particles Interactions with Standard Model particles è Leading-order interactions are dimension-5 operators 1 2 1 2 2 1 ˜ gaee µ LALP = @µa maa gaγγaF F + e¯γ γ5e @µa <latexit sha1_base64="GTaulMhEoRVDObf0l5fDE/+0Vsc=">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</latexit> 2 − 2 − 4 2me ··· Connection to new physics scale è Couplings arise from new physics at the scale fa è Very weakly interacting! ↵ me gaγγ = Cγ gaee = Ce <latexit sha1_base64="x+W8EdRb/ARZAsGjGEzh9O/kuzQ=">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</latexit> 2⇡fa <latexit sha1_base64="Wxw5e0d7E2h4SHbLD/xUsn/b+a4=">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</latexit> fa 2 Andrew J. Long (UMich)! Testing ALPs with white dwarf cooling [Raffelt (1986)] [Nakagawa, Adachi, Kohyama, & Itoh (1987,88)] Axions are produced via bremstrahlung è axion luminosity: 2 4 gaee MWD Tc 4 LL<latexit sha1_base64="7zFA5KyGtgytd+AzOX5whK9QIgM=">AAACV3iclVDLTsJAFJ3WF+ILdOmmkZi4oi2ayMqQ6MKFJhgtkAAh02EKE+bRzExV0vAJbvXb+BodoAsBN95kkpPzyL1zwpgSpT1vatkbm1vbO7nd/N7+weFRoXjcUCKRCAdIUCFbIVSYEo4DTTTFrVhiyEKKm+HodqY3X7FURPAXPY5xl8EBJxFBUBvq+aEHe4WSV/bm46wDPwMlkE29V7RuOn2BEoa5RhQq1fa9WHdTKDVBFE/ynUThGKIRHOC2gRwyrLrp/NaJc26YvhMJaR7Xzpz9nUghU2rMQuNkUA/VqjYj/9LaiY6q3ZTwONGYo8WiKKGOFs7s406fSIw0HRsAkSTmVgcNoYRIm3qWtriBMpQLeV/iNyr4wL2TIg7Fu/tIFHLZODOqyf9iZhEzmbxp3F/tdx00KmX/slx5uirVqln3OXAKzsAF8ME1qIF7UAcBQGAAPsAn+LKm1re9becWVtvKMidgaeziDxh4tY4=</latexit> a a 1.6 10− L ' ⇥ 10 13 1 M 107 K <latexit sha1_base64="jW7ruSAfJnMnS94iqsmgUqpXh90=">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</latexit> − ✓ ◆✓ ◆ ⇣ ⌘ a<latexit sha1_base64="UzG3VRji8FBrDBKhHkAO5fIAh3c=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="QSeXYP5rHZpu6aQedFAFpd9NrlQ=">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</latexit> gaee e<latexit sha1_base64="bMNQcUa7hguOcX0ZcLilR4D6nBQ=">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</latexit> e<latexit sha1_base64="bMNQcUa7hguOcX0ZcLilR4D6nBQ=">AAACkHiclVHLSuRAFK2Oj9H2MT6WboppBFcmEWF6Nw7jYhAEBdsWOo1UKjdtYT1C1c20IeQLZut8nH9jdZuFr81cKDicew731j1pIYXDKHrqBAuLS8tfVla7a+sbm1+3tneunSkthwE30tiblDmQQsMABUq4KSwwlUoYpve/Zv3hH7BOGH2FVQFjxSZa5IIz9NQl3G71osNoXvQjiFvQI21d3G53qiQzvFSgkUvm3CiOChzXzKLgEppuUjooGL9nExh5qJkCN67nmzZ03zMZzY31TyOds68dNVPOVSr1SsXwzr3vzcjPeqMS8/64FrooETR/GZSXkqKhs2/TTFjgKCsPGLfC70r5HbOMoz/OmynhwHkqZDqzMJVGT8JTa4rUPITnwvFQVa3QNf9n84OU93QTDVNulPLKOhmeNnWC8IB14jhNZkfJmRKyqgtUTeJz9VvPTzXNmsaHFb+P5iO4PjqMPb487p1EbWwrZI98IwckJt/JCflNLsiAcALkL3kk/4KdoB/8CH6+SINO69klbyo4ewaPX8xu</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="mI9k1PvuuzkKOVhRMv4nKLIGrW8=">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</latexit> <latexit sha1_base64="G+I/7KD3xq4VDimhTmGFBuK9rkc=">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</latexit> γ N <latexit sha1_base64="mI9k1PvuuzkKOVhRMv4nKLIGrW8=">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</latexit> N <latexit sha1_base64="OItltzJEg9yvYNsKkmbVjaf3cWo=">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</latexit> Tc Axion emission causes WDs to cool è constrains the axion-electron coupling: 13 g < 3 10− (3σ) <latexit 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