CAVita giving life to transformational technology in transportation National Cooperative Highway Research Program CEO Leadership Forum 2017 White Paper – World Congress Version Connected and Automated Technologies and Transportation Infrastructure Readiness Prepared for: NCHRP 20-24(111) Prepared by: CAVita, LLC September 15, 2017 Disclaimer: The information contained in this report was prepared as part of National Cooperative Highway Research Program NCHRP Project 20-24(111). SPECIAL NOTE: This report IS NOT an official publication of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, the Transportation Research Board, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Page 1 of 75 NCHRP White Paper - World Congress Version: 2017 CEO Leadership Forum ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ 4 DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................................... 4 GLOSSARY OF TERMS .................................................................................................. 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 9 2. STATE OF THE ART FOR CONNECTED AND AUTOMATED VEHICLES (CAVS) 11 2.1 Connected and Automated Vehicle Technologies .......................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Overview and Definitions .............................................................................................................. 12 2.1.2 Recent Technological Developments ............................................................................................ 13 2.1.3 Emerging Relationship Between CV and AV ................................................................................ 16 2.2 Scenarios for Deployment ................................................................................................................. 17 2.2.1 Groups Driving CAV Development and Adoption ......................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Key Connected and Automated Vehicle Applications and Deployments ...................................... 18 2.2.3 Geography of U.S. Deployments and Consortia ........................................................................... 24 2.3 Connected and Automated Vehicle Policy Activities ..................................................................... 27 2.3.1 Actions of the Federal Government in the Introduction of CAVs ................................................... 27 2.3.2 Actions of National Stakeholders .................................................................................................. 30 2.3.3 Actions of States and Local Agencies in the Introduction of CAVs ............................................... 31 3. NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES CURRENTLY INFLUENCING MOBILITY ...................................................................................................................... 39 3.1 Smart Cities ........................................................................................................................................ 39 3.1.1 Description, Trends and Applications ............................................................................................ 39 3.1.2 Smart City Challenge .................................................................................................................... 40 3.1.3 What to Look for at ITS World Congress 2017 ............................................................................. 41 3.2 Cybersecurity and Privacy ................................................................................................................ 41 3.2.1 Description, Trends and Applications ............................................................................................ 41 3.2.2 Core Drivers: Players, Efforts to Convene and Publicize, and Business Models .......................... 42 3.2.3 What to Look for at ITS World Congress 2017 ............................................................................. 47 3.3 Big Data ............................................................................................................................................... 48 3.3.1 Description, Trends and Applications ............................................................................................ 48 3.3.2 Core Drivers: Players, Efforts to Convene and Publicize, and Business Models .......................... 50 3.3.3 What to Look for at ITS World Congress 2017 ............................................................................. 52 3.4 Shared Mobility (SM) .......................................................................................................................... 52 3.4.1 Description, Trends and Applications ............................................................................................ 53 Page 2 of 75 NCHRP White Paper - World Congress Version: 2017 CEO Leadership Forum 3.4.2 Core Drivers: Players, Efforts to Convene and Publicize, and Business Models .......................... 56 3.4.3 What to Look for at ITS World Congress 2017 ............................................................................. 58 4. QUESTIONS FOR POLICY MAKERS, PLANNERS, AND REGULATORS .......... 60 4.1 Infrastructure and Operations ........................................................................................................... 62 4.2 Safety ................................................................................................................................................... 62 4.3 Freight Movement............................................................................................................................... 63 4.4 Policy, Standards, and Harmonization ............................................................................................. 64 4.5 Environmental Impacts ...................................................................................................................... 65 4.6 Law Enforcement and First Responders ......................................................................................... 65 5. EMERGING CONSIDERATIONS DRIVEN BY AUTOMATION ............................. 67 5.1 Land Use & Planning.......................................................................................................................... 67 5.2 Energy Impacts ................................................................................................................................... 67 5.3 Multimodal Transport (Aviation and Maritime) ................................................................................ 68 6. OPPORTUNITIES AT THE WORLD CONGRESS ................................................. 70 6.1 Leading-Edge Themes in CAV and Related Technologies ............................................................. 70 6.1.1 Safety of AV Transition ................................................................................................................. 70 6.1.2 Connected Infrastructure Supporting AV ...................................................................................... 71 6.1.3 Emerging Business Models Based on Big Data ............................................................................ 71 6.1.4 Adoption of AV in the Trucking Industry ........................................................................................ 71 6.1.5 State DOTs Supporting Cities ....................................................................................................... 71 6.1.6 Adoption of AV in the Shared Mobility Industry ............................................................................. 71 6.2 Participation in Technical Sessions, Policy Sessions, Exhibits and Demonstrations ................ 71 6.3 Preparation for Thursday Workshop ................................................................................................ 72 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 73 Page 3 of 75 NCHRP White Paper - World Congress Version: 2017 CEO Leadership Forum ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was conducted for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 20-24 Panel on Administration of Highway and Transportation Agencies with funding provided through NCHRP Project 20-24(111) State DOT CEO Leadership Forum on “Connected & Autonomous Vehicles and Transportation Infrastructure Readiness.” The NCHRP is supported by annual voluntary contributions from the state Departments of Transportation. Project 20-24 is intended to fund quick response studies on behalf of the NCHRP Project 20-24 panel. The report was prepared by Peter Sweatman and Matt Peak of CAVita, LLC. The work is guided by a technical working group. The project was managed by Andrew C. Lemer, Ph.D., NCHRP Senior Program Officer. The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of the members of NCHRP Panel 20- 24(111), members of their staff, Andy Lemer of NCHRP/TRB, Gummada Murthy of AASHTO and Tom Kern representing AASHTO. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board or its sponsoring agencies. This report