1. ก ก (Republic of the Union of Myanmar) ! $ !ก#% & ! ''( ก)* "!ก# ! $ ! + !,+)-ก)!! . ก(/ ก ก! &+(0ก $$+1" 2+ "!ก# . + * * $ 45 . ) !. 6+ )&$ * ! 45 . .. * + 45 . ก!(" . $( $7 +7+$+ * + $ 45 .%ก ,)'+ $ 1(ก18--6) 1(19 2551 ( -กก! &"0))1 ) ! .;+ (Nay Pyi Taw) ( 6 > - ก 2548 * 4,600 ก 2! * &-กก6 ก6(E 460 ก 2! ,." ก6( F! ! 2. #ก - (Yangon) (Mandalay) (Mawlamyine) (Bago) ก 6ก + (Dawei) (Kawthaung) (Bagan) (Myeik) + &G $ *!7ก G (Myawaddy) (Muse) (Tachilek) (Sittwe) 1 2. ! * * + 676 ,578 ก 2! ( $+1" 6+1 & . ก0 1(!1"%+) 40 $2!ก ) )ก%'+ 653,508 ก 2! !'*, 23,070 ก 2! & ก) !( ) กก ($+1" * & ก0 1($& .ก0 1( )& ) !.) 6 ! & $ +ก) / + * . ก +ก) .!! E (. 235 ก 2! ) ! ก0 +ก) ) !.( & $- (. 2,185 ก 2! ) 1( +ก))ก! !+ !E ( . K8L ! 2,832 ก 2! ) ก0 +ก) + (. 1,463 ก 2! ) ! ).! (. 193 ก 2! ) ก0 1( +ก)E (. 1,800 ก 2! ) : http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Burma_en .png/330px-Burma_en.png 23 2555 & + ' 2 !ก#& $ ก)+( &$ 6+ )&+( OE ( +$& & ก ก$! ! +$ &ก ก 10,000 P6 + ! $ +ก) ) G5% +$ & 6+1 ก0 1( ก +Qกก 2)G , 2+ . & 19,314 P6 ,! -ก$! *% )ก(1" 1 2+ )!6 ,.") ! ก *, + G5 + !E 1( !ก# %$(ก(1" 6+ )& ก-ก * K8L ! 45 2,000 E ! (3,710 ก 2! ) ! + & ก! 3. " ! ก & ก 1"1) % ก$& ก! !$ - ก (!(!( ก1>+&( 1>+&ก - 7 ก K8L !! ) )!6 *,-1! >+& E+() !$ 6+ ,1( ) * Kก6ก กกก!)$ %$K +((&$ ก2 (The Arakan Mountains) Kก6ก ก .ก!)(!( ก &$ก* ก,)! .ก!!%+ + ! ก *,$+1" .ก0 ก .$( 7!.$((!( 6& 2+ 0! & 32 G!G 3 >+& . K (>#. - ก ) (6!. - ก6 ) ! ( ( . - >#. ) 4. "# ก$ ! ก ,."$ + * 1) % &' * O . 6+ )& 343,560 ก 2! ก( ! 50 $* * + ก)+( E (6 *E ( #ก -/ ก กก 8,500 6 E (ก E (+ E (+& กกE (!'! FE ( 4( E+(1(ก ก 2+ 1"-ก1!ก# G6 ! .E (&!'! F-กE ( 3 2) ($ ) ! ,." E+(ก + ก ., ก + )6ก ! 2. ! ก ! !! * $+กR! E E+(, 1(2 7 G58--6) /1(. 1-$( ! 616ก - .+ ! ! ,)* $6+)1 !7ก & !ก$6+) 0 (Shan State) ., $ก (Sagaing Division) ก ! $ F! (Mandalay Division) 4 $ ก (Magway Division) $ก (Sagaing Division) .0 (Kachin State) !0 (Shan State) " ,."!) กE+(ก ก ) E$ 6ก E! ! . ก )6#. $ * 6 !EF& S!S 2+ " -% &(-ก ก !'! ก ,." &1* Phakant $ -- (Myitkyina) .0 (Kachin State) !* Khamti G5 &1$ก (Sagaing Division) ) G54%! ) .6+ 6+5$ 2!ก 2+ !'! ) 1" 6+ & 2 2ก7ก (Mogok) $ F! (Mandalay Division) E$ 6ก ก%E$ 6ก + South Sea G5%E$ 6ก .! ก 6+1)+E$ 6ก ก.($ 1!+2!ก !'! ,." & &ก + (Myeik) G5 &1$ (Tanintharyi Division) 3) * * ก+ ,$ ! -ก$( &!$ The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ) )19 2555 *, , & 50 !()! ! กTG 283.2 !(!&ก) ก 1(ก +&!$ Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) ,)!กTG ,."$ ! *) ก K8L (Offshore) !)K8L (Onshore) G51" & ก ! 1($ ก!. ก. (ก+ ,$ !*ก #-./ %!กTG ,."$ -ก กTG ,-, ก 2+ 1".).!6 * 3 . 1) ) K8L !$ E$ (Rakhine State) 2) (Gulf of Mataban) ! 3) $ (Tanintharyi Division) G5 +ก) ! 4 + !1ก!(ก) +E * ก)* 1ก,-!$6+-E( * * 600 Block ,)!กTG ก K8L ,." E+(ก (1) ! Yadana %!กTG ก K8L 1" 6+$ .).!6 * 26,140 ก 2! 1 &-ก (Dawei) E 1( 60 ก 2! !-ก ++(ก$E 409 ก 2! ! Yadana *ก)+( !กTG 2 Block . Block M-5 ! M-6 2+ กTG , กก 150 !(!&ก) ก G5.+- 4$6+- 1(E+(45 30 9 ! ก,!ก'! กTG 0! -ก! * 17.5-18.4 !(!&ก) ก * *ก$6+-กTG 1! *%2.ก 6 Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) ก)) # ! 1+( ! 15 :85 2+ ) # ! *ก)+( ) # Total E&P Myanmar (( ! 31.24) ) # Unocal Myanmar Offshore (( ! 28.26) !) # Petroleum Authority Thailand Exploration and Production ( ( ! 25.50) (2) ! Yetagun %!กTG ก K8L$ 1"%+) 2 -ก ! Yadana .).!6 * 24,130 ก 2! 1 ก)+( !กTG 3 Block . BlockM-12, M-13 ! M-14 2+ กTG , 90.6 !(!&ก) ก * *ก$6+-กTG 1! *%2.ก 6 MOGE $ ก)) # 1+ (( ! ) 20.5 : 79.5 G5) # 6 ก)+( ) # Petronas Carigali Myanmar Inc. (( ! 40.9) ) # Nippon Oil Exploration (Myanmar) Limited ( ( ! 19.3) !) # .,-!'! ;2! -,ก+ ( ) (( ! 19.3) ก-ก * !กTG ก K8L ก! ! Badamyar-1 BDM-1 ( &1ก!(ก)! Yadana ) ! Sein ( &-ก! Yadana E 1( 10 ก 2! ) ! Shwe Phyu ( &) ก K8L)ก!) 8--6))! ;+2ก 1(ก! 6 $( ! 612.ก,-!$6+-!กTG ) ก K8LE+( -ก *, !กTG .6+ ! ก -, 1(1 ก% -, ก ก *ก,-!$6+-) ก K8L .1(- .$(& ! 5 ก7 (ก &(!)ก4 + .22! *&-ก'&( " 16ก * ก ก 0. (ก+ ,$ !1*-./ 8--6) & 14 ,." E+(ก Hukuang Basin, Chindwin Basin, Shwebo-Monywa Basin, Central Basin, Pyay Embayment, Ayeyarwady Delta Basin, Bago Yoma Basin, Sittuang Vally Basin, Mepale Basin, Mawlamyine Basin, Namyau Basin, Hsipaw-Lashio Basin, Kalaw Basin ! Rakhine Coastal Basin 2+ !กTG )K8L 3 1 14 * . Central Basin, Pyay Embayment ! Ayeyarwady Delta Basin %! E+( ก,- กTG ! , 1(2 E+(!() ! ก 11 &ก,-!$6+ - G58--6) ) # 7 ) # ก,!,-!กTG )K8L$ E+(ก ) # Essar Oil ) # Focus Energy ) # MPRL Exploration and Production Private ) # Sinopec Oil ) # Chinerry Asset !) # CONOC Eก7 ก ,""ก,-! *, !กTG $) # $( ) K8L !$ 18--6) -,!+! ก $ Ministry of national planning and economic development .,( ) # 1 $( +, 6ก - กEE(1(ก) Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) %'&(+, ก,-!$6+- '&(+ ,)ก!,! กTG E * / * กTG . * * 2,074 ก 2! 2+ )% กTG 1 (1,792 ก 2! ) ! กTG (682 ก 2! ) ( ;+1(!( 2 ( . ( -ก! + - ก"-)6 ! ( -ก! ก6 - ก"-)6 G5%( -ก E ก-ก * 1. 'กก( กTG ก) )( ก! 2.ก - + ! 1ก!6 ก Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi - Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) 6 4) * K8L ! 2,000 E ! (3,710 ก 2! ) ! * !*,/ 8.2 !(Qก *, !*, 6+ )& ก ก)+( *, ก45 646 6 !.P !+6ก !G+ ! .! ! & !E! !ก ! - 7+ ก6( ! 5ก ! / G5 K8Lก$ E$ (Rakhine State) +(ก! * $ ก 1(ก7$5* +(6ก E$ 6ก ก-ก *)! ก ,P ! * ก6( ก+( G5 '!'! $*, ,."- -ก$ (Tanintharyi Division) ! . $ + (Ayeyarwady Division) E$ (Rakhine State ) ! $ ก6( (Yangon Division) !,+) 5. ก*ก)(*'#2*#* ก ก)E+( ! 6 ( 135 * ) ก!. * (Burman) ( ! 68 ! ( ! 32 %* / E+(ก 0 (Shan) ( ! 9 ก (Karen) ( ! 7 !. (Rakhine/Arakanese) ( ! 4 - (Chinese) ( ! 3 " (Mon) ( ! 2 + (Indian) ( ! 2 !/ ( ! 5 2+ 2.(ก + * 34' ก0#* 2* 5 2555 ก ก (#$%& ก ' 2556) 55.2 & ก , -$./ 0.99 -$ 1 ./ $ - ก /.-/1-#$ ก $& 1.07 $ - ก ก/2-$ ก 1,000 19.11 -$ 1,000 $ - ก --$ ก 1,000 8.10 -$ 1,000 7 34' ก0#* 2* 5 2555 ( () ก $5 62 : 27.2 ' : 26.7 ' ./ : 27.8 ' 1 $5(#$%& ก ' 2556 ) -$5 0-14 ' : $& 26.7 ( 7,514,233 ./ 7,227,893 ) -$5 15-24 ': $& 18.6 ( 5,183,653 ./ 5,060,385 ) -$5 25-54 ': $& 42.8 ( 11,724,297 ./ 11,879,420 ) -$5 55-64 ': $& 6.7 ( 1,754,397 ./ 1,963,051 ) -$5กก 65 ': $& 5.2 ( 1,244,758 ./ 1,615,243 ) : https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.html 5 2556 ,)ก,!$ -, 33.41 !(. (9 2555) &1+) 19 $ 2!ก 1" &1.ก#ก ( ! 70 .) ก( ! 23 !.6ก ( ! 7 1$ ก( ! 5.4 3: ** *0 ( ; 20 *31ก04ก ( ) 1 795,400,000 2 $/2 498,400,000 3 51 229,000,000 4 $ /ก 154,900,000 5 $/127 119,500,000 6 7/& 107,100,000 8 3: ** *0 ( ; 20 *31ก04ก ( () ( ) 7 &, 77,000,000 8 7 75,240,000 9 .58 65,270,000 10 ก9 60,360,000 11 : 53,830,000 12 ;ก7/1ก 50,010,000 13 2 49,180,000 14 $ 44,010 ,000 15 <=&/= 40,730,000 16 : 39,770,000 17 $/1$' 37,900,000 18 $1ก 35,920,000 19 33,410,000 20 $ ก 31,900,000 : https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.html 5 2556 6. * =*$ ก1(# (Burmese) %# ก ! 41(#ก>#1ก + ก-ก * # 1(1 ก45 18 # 2+ ) ก&!# E+(+ * ก&!#2 ก (Austroasiatic Language Family) E+(ก # " # ! #! 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G 2 E+(ก ! ก6( (University of Yangon) ! 4) # ก6( (Yangon Institute of Economics) G5 ** &1ก6 ก6( (Yangon) 12 State Pariyatti Sasana Yangon University Mandalay University : ก http://www.sahavicha.com 5 2556 .