Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Coronado National Memorial This page left intentionally blank. In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Coronado National Memorial Edited by Cecilia A. Schmidt , Brian F. Powell, Don E. Swann, and William L. Halvorson Open-File Report 2007-1393 U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station U.S. Department of the Interior University of Arizona U.S. Geological Survey School of Natural Resources National Park Service 125 Biological Sciences East Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested Citation Schmidt, C.A., Powell, B.F., Swann, D.E. and Halvorson, W.L., 2007, Vascular plant and vertebrate inventory of Coronado National Memorial: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1393, 114 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007-1393]. Cover photo: National Park Service Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. ii Editors Brian F. Powell and Cecilia A. Schmidt Don E. Swann School of Natural Resources Saguaro National Park 125 Biological Sciences East, Building 43 3693 South Old Spanish Trail The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85730 Tucson, AZ 85721 William L. Halvorson USGS SBSC Sonoran Desert Research Station 125 Biological Sciences East, Building 43 The University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 U.S. Geological Survey SBSC Sonoran Desert Research Station Personnel Charles van Riper III, Station Leader William L. Halvorson, Research Ecologist Cecil R. Schwalbe, Ecologist Michael R. Kunzmann, Ecologist (Emeritus) Kathryn Thomas, Ecologist Pamela Nagler, Physical Scientist Phil Rosen, Ecologist Program and Expertise Areas of USGS and UA Personnel Administration & Outreach Fire Management Laura Opalka Dennis Suhre Wendy Parrish Cori Dolan Emily Sherbrooke Bill Halvorson Charles van Riper III Invasive Species Research Avian Ecology Patricia Guertin Claire Crow Jim Malusa Glenn Johnson Phil Rosen Chris O’Brien Cecil Schwalbe Brian Powell Dennis Suhre Charles van Riper III Kathryn Thomas Data Management Inventory & Monitoring Brent Sigafus Patricia Guertin Bill Halvorson Ecology of Amphibians & Reptiles Pamela Nagler Kevin Baker Brian Powell Cristina Jones Cecilia Schmidt Dave Prival Phil Rosen Vegetation Mapping & Ecology Cecil Schwalbe Patricia Guertin Brent Sigafus Bill Halvorson Kathryn Thomas USGS Southwest Biological Science Center http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Sonoran Desert Research Station http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/sdrs iii iv Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................vi List of Figures .........................................................................................................................................vii List of Appendicess.................................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................xi Executive Summary ...............................................................................................................................xiii Chapter 1: Introduction to the Biological Inventories at Cor onado National Monument ...........................1 Project Overview.................................................................................................................................1 Report Format and Data Organization...................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Memorial Overview .................................................................................................................3 Memorial Area and History ..................................................................................................................3 Natural Resources Overview ................................................................................................................3 Natural Resource Management Issues ...................................................................................................5 Chapter 3: Plant Inventory ........................................................................................................................9 Data Used to Create Plant Species List..................................................................................................9 Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................................9 Inventory Completeness.....................................................................................................................10 Chapter 4: Reptile and Amphibian Inventory ..........................................................................................11 Methods............................................................................................................................................11 Analyses ...........................................................................................................................................14 Results..............................................................................................................................................15 Inventory Completeness.....................................................................................................................21 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................21 Monitoring........................................................................................................................................23 Chapter 5: Bird Inventory .......................................................................................................................27 Goals................................................................................................................................................27 Technical Concepts............................................................................................................................27 Data Organization..............................................................................................................................28 Methods............................................................................................................................................29 Results..............................................................................................................................................36 Inventory Completeness.....................................................................................................................40 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................43 Monitoring........................................................................................................................................45 Chapter 6: Mammal Inventory ................................................................................................................47 Objectives.........................................................................................................................................47 Methods............................................................................................................................................47 Results..............................................................................................................................................47 Inventory Completeness.....................................................................................................................52 Discussion ........................................................................................................................................54 Monitoring........................................................................................................................................55 Chapter 7: Literature Cited.....................................................................................................................57 v List of Tables Table 1. Summary of vascular plant and vertebrate inventories at Coronado NM.........................................xviii Table 1.1. Museums that were queried, in 1998, for vertebrate voucher specimens with “Arizona” and “Coronado National Memorial” in the collection location.....................................................................2 Table 2.1. Average monthly climate data for Coronado NM, 1960–2004. ...........................................................5 Table 4.1. Methods used during visual encounter surveys at Coronado NM, 1997–1998. ..................................12 Table 4.2. Species