A DESCRIPTION OF METAPHORS USED IN ROBERT FROST’S SELECTED POEMS A PAPER BY FARADIBA NST REG. NO.152202067 DIPLOMA – III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Approved by Supervisor, Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. NIP 19580517198503 1 003 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study Approved by Head of English Study Program, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. NIP 195710021986012003 Approved by the Diploma-III of English Study Program Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara As a paper for the Diploma-III Examination UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accept by the Board of Examiner in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma-III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara. The examination is held on 29 November 2018 Faculty of Cultural Study, University of Sumatera Utara Dean Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP 19600805198703 Beard of Examiners: Signature 1. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. __________ 2. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. __________ 3. Riko Andika Rahmat Pohan, S.S., M.Hum. _________ UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I, FARADIBA NST DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS PAPER EXPECT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN TEXT OF THIS STUDY. THIS STUDY CONTSINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE IN PART FROM A STUDY BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLADGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS PAPER. THIS PAPER HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OR ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION Name : FARADIBA NST Title of Paper : A DESCRIPTION OF METAPHORS USED IN ROBERT FROST’S SELECTED POEMS Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study Program : English I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Cultural studies, USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia. Signed : Date : ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT This paper study the metaphors use in Robert Frost‘s selected poem. The writer uses Lakoff and Jhonson‘s theory, this study focus on metaphors in poems. This paper identifies the meaning of the metaphors used in The Road Not Taken, Nothing Gold Can Stay and The Times Table selected Robert Frost‘s poem. This study also identifies the types of metaphors used in Robert Frost‘s selected poem. The method of this study is qualitative method. The final result of this study is metaphors in Robert Frost‘s poems consist into three types there are structural metaphor, orientational metaphor and ontological metaphor. Keywords: metaphors, types of metaphors, , meaning of the metaphors, poem and poetry iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mempelajari tentang penggunaan kiasan yang digunakan dalam puisi pilihan Robert Frost. Penulis Menggunakan teori Lakoff dan Jhonson. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan kiasan dalam puisi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi makna dari penggunaan kiasan yang digunakan dalam The Road Not Taken, Nothing Gold Can Stay dan The Times Table puisi pilihan Robert Frost. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kiasan dalam puisi Robert Frost yang dipilih. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah adalah metafora dalam puisi Robert Frost terdiri dari tiga tipe yaitu metafora struktural, metafora orientasi dan metafora ontologis. Kata kunci : penggunaan kiasan, jenis-jenis metafora, fungsi metafora, arti dari metafora dam puisi iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to give thanks to almighty and praise to Allah SWT, the lord of the word who giving me health, opportunity, blessing and love. Secondly, don‘t forget the prayer and greeting to Prophet Muhammad SAW who giving me the opportunity, strength, patients, and ability to accomplish this paper. However, this success would not be achieved without support from individual, people and institution. For all guidance, the researcher would like thanks to: Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, M.S. as the Dean of Faculty Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum as the head of English Diploma Study Program, who give me chance to prove my qualified for finishing this paper, for teaching precious knowledge and wonderful experience during the study, and also the stuffs for the facilities and opportunities have given to me during my study in this University. Foremost, I would express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum for supervision, precious time, guidance, support, advice, correction and patience during writing this paper, he has gives me feedback on both suggestion and useful critiques on my paper. Special appreciation and thanks to my beloved parents, Aminah S.Pd and Darwin Nasution, for endless love who never stop praying and supporting me, comfort, care, attention, encouragement, loyalty, and financial support to remind v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA me to keep going and never give up. They are the biggest inspiration and motivation for me. My beloved aunties and uncle, Sinta Maulina, Irma Hayati, Adila and Usman Helmi, who never stop supporting me, for their love. Very greatful to have some close friends, who always support me. The first appreciate goes to Darja Rizkiana, you are always good listener for every problem I faced. I also want to express my appreciation to my beautiful friends Yulia Aldina Sagala, Wahyuni Wahida and Rizkya Khairani who always help me and encourage me in every situations to finish this paper. Also Solidas 15A thank you for the moments in the last three years and for the others that I can‘t mention, thanks for your existence and being my friend, I really appreciate every single time we spend together. Finally, I would like to thanks to everybody who was important to successful realization of this paper, I will accept the suggestion and critics that build me up from the readers because I know this paper is not perfect, but it is expected that it will be useful not only for writer, but also for the readerand. That‘s why your critics might make this paper better. Thanks to all readers who read this paper. vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...................................................................... i COPYRIGHT DECLARATION .................................................................. ii ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Study ................................................................... 1 1.2 The Problem of the Study ......................................................................... 5 1.3 The Purpose of the Study .......................................................................... 5 1.4 The Scope of the Study ............................................................................. 5 1.5 The Method of the Study ........................................................................... 6 1.6 The Significance of the Study .................................................................... 6 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Metaphor .............................................................................. 7 2.2 Types of Metaphor ..................................................................................... 8 2.3 Poems ........................................................................................................ 9 vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. FINDING AND DESCRIPTION 3.1 Discussion The Road Not Taken ....................................................................... 12 3.2 Discussion Nothing Gold Can stay .............................................................. 14 3.3 Discussion The Times Table ........................................................................ 16 4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 19 4.2 Suggestion ................................................................................................. 20 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 21 APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 23 viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Language is an important tool in human‘s dialy-life to do an interaction, such as communication to others. As stated in Kamus Besar bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) about the meaning of language, is an arbitrary sound emblem used by members of community to collaboration, to interaction and self-identification. That is why language could not be separated for human life. Talking about language certainly is not about something new