n journal of the ustralian aval 'nstitute Volume 22 Number 2 May/July 1996 Ct. 'J? ^ AUSTRALIAN NAVAL INSTITUTE INC The Australian Naval Institute was formed and incorporated in the Australian Capital Terri- tory in 1975. The main objects of the Institute are: • To encourage and promote the advancement of knowledge related to the Navy and the maritime profession, • to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas concerning subjects related to the Navy and the maritime profession, and • to publish a journal. The Institute is self-supporting and non-profit-making. All publications of the Institute will stress that the authors express their own views and opinions are not necessarily those of the Department of Defence, the Chief of Naval Staff or the Institute. The aim is to encourage discussion, dissemination of information, comment and opinion and the advancement of pro- fessional knowledge concerning naval and maritime matters. The membership of the Institute is open to: • Regular Members. Regular membership is open to members of the RAN. RANR, RNZN or RNZNVR and persons who having qualified for regular membership, subsequently leave the service. • Associate Members. Associate membership is open to all other persons not qualified to be Regular Members, who profess an interest in the aims of the Institute. • Honorary Members. Honorary membership is open to persons who have made a distin- guished contribution to the Navy or the maritime profession, or by past service to the institute. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Australian Naval Institute is grateful for the assistance provided by the corporations listed below. They are demonstrating their support for the aim of the Institute by being mem- bers of the "Friends of the Australian Naval Institute" coterie. ADI Ltd Rockwell Systems Australia Blohm + Voss Stanilite Electronics CSC Australia GEC Marconi Jeumont Schneider Division Westinghouse Electric STN Atlas (Australia) CelsiusTech Ansett Australia Thomson Sintra Pacific Scientific Management Associates Telstra Dawson Group Journal of the Australian Naval Institute ISSN 0312 —5807 Volume 22 Number 2 May/July 1996 SPECIAL FEATURES alcolm Davis examines the prospects for Chinese and Korean M national reunifications and their potential impact on the balance of naval power in the Asia Pacific region. Also, we have a few more of Graham Wilson's 'ripping yarns' to bring naval history to life . 2 From the President FEATURES 3 From the Editor 4 Ship Handler's Corner National Reunification in Northeast Asia 7 and the Naval Balance —Malcolm Davis 34 Book Review Economics and India's Naval Expansion 15 —Matthew Gray Defence of Australia 1994: Advocating an 19 Australian Maritime Strategy —D.A. Creagh Liberalised Social Values and Tomorrow's 24 Nav\ —Alan Hinge SPECIAL FEATURE: Naval History comes alive! A Selection of Graham Wilson's Writings.. Bluejackets versus Indians: USS Decatur at 38 Seattle-1856 Conduct Most Unbecoming: Strange Doings 41 on Gayundah -1888 Collapse of Discipline: The HMAS Australia 46 Mutiny-1919 Glory for the Australian Squadron: 51 HMS Calliope at Samoa -1889 Remember the Australian Merchant Nav\ 55 —Charles Taylor Night Surface Battles in the Solomons 59 —Russell Dority Layout & typeset by IE.£ ^NfMl,NICATIONS Pearce ACT Cover: Full speed ahead - HMAS Phone 062867477 Westralia (Photo: LSPH Scott Connolly) Fax 06 286 7275 2 Journal of the Australian Naval Institute May/July 1996 From the President An edited version of the President's address to the 1996 ANI Annual General Meeting et me welcome you here tonight for our 1996 annual general meeting. Tonight we will review where we have been over the past year, and Lperhaps more importantly elect our new council for the forthcoming year and outline some important matters to be dealt with in the near future. First, let me review where we have been. 1995 turned out to be a year of consolidation in a number of areas. Most of you will know that I succeeded Admiral Oxenbould as your President mid way through the year. It gave me a great deal of pleasure to do so, and I would like to place on record tonight my appreciation to him for the work that has been done in enlivening the council, consolidating the institute's affairs, and perhaps more particularly arranging for the institute to be so closely associated with the enormously successful Seapower conference held in Sydney in November 1995. A special treat at the Seapower conference was the presence of Dr Norman Friedman from the US Naval Institute, whose visit to Australia was sponsored by the ANI. I think that all who attended the conference would have appreciated his excellent contribution by way of presentations and discussion points, as well as the ANI's part in making it so. The other presentation of note during the last year was the Vernon Parker Oration which took place in Sydney in May. We were privileged to hear Mr Eric Grove speak on the subject of "Seapower in the New Century". Those who know Eric or his reputation will know that his presentation was well appreciated by an enthusiastic audience. I hope that the Institute will continue to be able to attract speakers of this quality for the Oration in future. Another person that I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge is Captain Ian Noble who cannot stand for election as an office bearer this time because of his forthcoming retirement. Ian has contributed much to the Institiute over quite a long period, and I know that members would like me to thank him and wish him all the best in his future endeavours. Our flagship so to speak, that is the Journal, has continued to improve in quality of presentation and content. The feedback we have received has been very good; the journal is proving to be an increasingly effective means of achieving our prime objective of promoting the advancement of knowledge related to the navy and also the mari- time professions. I also take this opportunity of reminding members that the Australian Naval Institute Library is located inside the Defence library facilities in the Campbell Park Offices. Volumes from our collection are available the those who need them and we have been considering ways of advertising the ANI's contribution to the library in a more visible way. This ought to pursued by the new council. The institute has also moved into the modern world by establishing a home page on the World Wide Web (www.Navy.GavAu/ani/h0rne/html.). Perhaps we may attract new members through this initiative over the next year. Members will appreciate that an important work of the Australian Naval Institute each year is promoting in the RAN a professional interest in naval affairs. Accordingly, we invest in this effort by sponsoring a number of prizes and awards. Beginning in 1995 we began to sponsor prizes at the Junior Officers Staff Course and the Senior Sailors Administration and Staff Skills Course, as well as continuing to support the ANI Silver Medallion at the RAN Staff College. I am pleased to report that our Silver Medallists for 1995 at the RAN Staff College were LCDR D Hulse, USN. and Major D Creagh. From Creswell I can report that Junior Officers Staff Course prizes were awarded to SBLT J Milward. LEUT M R Whanslaw and LEUT G Camilos. CPOWTR K A McEwan, CPORST 1 R McNulty and CPONPC P Easthope received prizes for the Senior Sailors Course. From New Zealand our 1995 NZ Chapter prizewinner was Ensign Timothy Foote. On behalf of all members of the Institute I congratulate these prizewinners on their achievements. I have received a report from CMDR Bruce Coffey covering NZ Chapter activities. Bruce reports that the New Zealand Chapter continues to function in a positive manner in Wellington and Auckland. There have been several meetings and a cocktail party at which some funds were raised in support of the Museum Trust. Membership of the Institute in New Zealand now stands at 109 which represents a significant percentage of our total number. There have also been meetings between the Chapter officers and the Navy aimed at proactively supporting the New Zealand Navy's objectives. We wish our members across the Tasman well in their endeavours, and I am hopeful that I might be able to visit New Zealand sometime this year. Turning now to our financial affairs, I would like to note that by and large the institute has a sound financial position although, as members will see from the audit statements, more should have been done to obtain timely payments from the Friends of the Institute during 1995. Fortunately, our friends have recently given us undertakings about providing their support in arrears for 1995 and for 1996 as well. The Council has been looking at further ways of May/July 1996 Journal of the Australian Naval Institute 3 strengthening the financial base mainly through additional business development in the form of Platinum and Gold memberships. These initiatives have not yet come to fruition but we are hopeful that we will be able to achieve good outcomes which will enable the institute to do more. Looking to the future, I would like to report that the outgoing Council has been considering a number of matters which require early resolution by the incoming Council. Foremost is the need for a thorough review of our constitu- tion. It needs updating to bring it into line with recent changes to the law in the Australian Capital Territory. Second, I believe the new Council should begin work on a new strategic direction for the institute; this is important and as we approach the year 2000 and the Olympics — both important milestones for the nation — we need to consider carefully what part the ANI should play within the framework of all the other activities that will be planned, as well as promoting the Institute's objectives in a professional sense.