ATLAS of PARK COUNTY MONTANA © 2013 - Park County - Montana Acknowledgements The Atlas of Park County, Montana is designed to Community Foundation, The Community Closet, Lewis In addition to the acknowledgments support economic development, planning, tourism Wilks, Frank Schroeder, and the Gallatin Area Planning cited above, many other individuals and promotion and educational purposes. It presents a fact- Grant Program. Without the generous support of all of organizations provided information and based portrait of Park County’s socioeconomic and these organizations and individuals, this project would materials used in the development of demographic characteristics, natural resources, land use not have been possible. the atlas. They include the Park County and infrastructure. It will serve as a community resource GIS Department; Montana Department for local officials, teachers, the business community, Mapping and design services were provided by Gage of Fish, Wildlife and Parks; Park County landowners and visitors alike. In the future the atlas will Cartographics, and many photographers donated their Commission; Park County Fire Warden serve as a baseline for measuring change in the county images including students from Raeann Nilan’s Park High Greg Coleman; Park County Historian Jerry over time. School photography class. Photo credits are included with Brekke; archaeologist Dr. Larry Larhen; each photograph. All of these high-quality images and Charlie Eubank of Eubank Land Inc.; Peter Production of the atlas was made possible through maps helped to capture the many special qualities and Fox; Robyn Egloff of Egloff Design; and a partnership between Park County and the non- assets of Park County; the authors are deeply appreciative Headwaters Economics. Data sources are governmental organization Future West. The project was of those who contributed their photographic talents. included with all charts and graphs. directed by the Park County Planning and Development Printing services were provided with consideration by Board and the Park County Planning Department. Printing for Less in Livingston. This atlas is available in print edition from Funding was provided by Park County, the Park County the Park County Planning Department. Plans also call for the creation of an on- line interactive version that will be posted on the Planning Department website. To inquire about copies, call the Park County Planning Department at (406) 222 4102. Yellowstone River - Alyssa Smith Roundup Parade - Shawn Raecke Livingston - Tony Demin I II Introduction structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.” John Wesley Powell, the agency’s second director, was determined to create some 7,000 individual topographical maps and geologic atlas folios of the United States. The Livingston, Montana Folio, 1894, holds the distinction of being “Folio 1” of 227 geologic atlases published by USGS between 1894 and 1945. Over time, a number of public and private-sector maps of Park County have appeared in atlases designed for specific informational needs. Themes identifying roads, watersheds, land development, demographics, and economic transitions have expanded information. Cartography has evolved from etching delineations on lithographic stone to a technology of computer-assisted design software enhanced by Global Positioning System satellites and extensive geographic database resources. The Atlas of Park County, Montana takes advantage of modern technology to present our on-going spatial relationship with the land we belong to, our past, our present and our future. The authors of this atlas have made every attempt to provide factual, accurate information, and comments should be submitted to the Park County Planning Department to help ensure continued accuracy for future publications. Wilsall Rodeo - Shawn Raecke Downtown Livingston - Norm Miller “The more homogenized human culture becomes, it seems, the hand-drawn maps Nos. 48 and 49, contained in the Atlas of deeper interest individuals take in what makes them unique: the Lewis and Clark Expedition, documents his eastward nationality, creed, family heritage.” (Roger Downey in “Riddle travel across present-day Park County, Montana. of the Bones”, 2000) Atlas tradition continued when the United States Geological By definition, an atlas is a book of maps and charts, or a book Survey (USGS) was created in 1879 to provide “classification of illustrations or diagrams on any subject, which sometimes of the public lands, and examination of the geological contains textual information. The Atlas of Park County, Montana is all of the above. It continues a tradition began in 1801 when Siksika headsman Ac ko mok ki (“Old Swan”) sketched in the snow his perspective of a cultural and spatial “map” of the Missouri River drainage for Peter Fidler, a Hudson Bay Company cartographer. Fidler passed the information along to British cartographer Aaron Arrowsmith, who in turn created the map of western America used by the Lewis and Clark expedition. During the period July 12-15, 1806, Captain William Clark mapped the Corps of Discovery route through the Gallatin Valley and over a mountain pass trail that Sacajawea recalled from her childhood. The Corps arrived on the banks of the Yellowstone River at the location of today’s Livingston, Montana. Clark’s Yellowstone River - Tony Demin MCD Photography III IV Table of Contents Overview Map ......................................................................................................................................................................2 Base Map ...............................................................................................................................................................................4 Prehistoric Information ......................................................................................................................................................6 Historic Communities .........................................................................................................................................................8 Historic Overview ..............................................................................................................................................................10 Historic Points of Interest .................................................................................................................................................12 Population Trends .............................................................................................................................................................14 Income Information ..........................................................................................................................................................16 Employment by Industry - 1 ............................................................................................................................................18 Employment by Industry - 2 ............................................................................................................................................20 Income by Industry ............................................................................................................................................................22 Non-Labor Income ............................................................................................................................................................24 Education Information .....................................................................................................................................................26 Roads ....................................................................................................................................................................................28 Public Services ....................................................................................................................................................................30 Broadband and Wireless Coverage ...............................................................................................................................32 Land Ownership ................................................................................................................................................................34 Taxable Value of Land ......................................................................................................................................................36 Predicted Land Cover ........................................................................................................................................................38 Soil Productivity .................................................................................................................................................................40 Watersheds .........................................................................................................................................................................42 Housing Density .................................................................................................................................................................44 Residential Growth Patterns ...........................................................................................................................................46 Divisions of Land ...............................................................................................................................................................48