Rzym antyczny Polityka i pieniądz The Ancient Rome Politics and Money V NR 3200 Rzym antyczny Polityka i pieniądz The Ancient Rome Politics and Money V Azja Mniejsza w czasach rzymskich Asia Minor in Roman Times Pod redakcją Wiesława Kaczanowicza Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego • Katowice 2014 Redaktor serii: Historia SYLWESTER FERTACZ Recenzent LESZEK MROZEWICZ Contents Wprowadzenie (Wiesław Kaczanowicz) 7 Önsöz (Wiesław Kaczanowicz) 9 Introduction (Wiesław Kaczanowicz) 11 Marek Jan OlbRycht: the Pontic Kingdom, Arsacid Iran and Armenia: Remarks on the Political Strategy of Mithradates VI Eupator (until 89 b c ) 13 tomasz ŁAdOń: l Fannius and l Magius: Fimbriani or Sertoriani? 29 Norbert ROgOSz: the Roman Republic and the Parthian threat of the Eastern Provinces in years 53—50 b c 41 Agnieszka bARtNIK: Храм и статуя Дианы Эфесской по изображениям на монетах периода Римскй Империи 64 Wojciech bORuch: the Role of Familial Propaganda in the coinage of the Pro- vince of Asia during the Reign of Julio-claudian dynasty 85 Krzysztof ŚcISŁO: the Provinces of Asia Minor in caesar trajan’s Policy (98—117 A d ) Outline of Issues 106 Przemysław dyRlAgA: Selected Aspects of Relations between the Imperial Power and the Provincial cities during the Reign of the Emperor Macrinus (with Emphasis on the Region of Asia Minor) 123 Agata A KluczEK: « Vue d’Asie Mineure » sur les problèmes de la crise du IIIe siècle dans l’Empire romain les thèmes monétaires à cyzique (276 apr J -c ) 139 6 contents Agata A KluczEK: Quelques remarques sur l`iconographie des médaillons de Probus du type virtus Augusti triumfum Gotthicum 159 Rafał KOSIński: Nostalgia or a Political Necessity? the background of the Emperor zeno’s Numerous donations in Isauria 173 Wprowadzenie Oddajemy do rąk czytelników już piąty z kolei tom serii wydawniczej „Rzym Antyczny Polityka i pieniądz” Seria ta jest rezultatem zainteresowań i prac badawczych prowadzonych przez pracowników zakładu historii Staro- żytnej uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach Profil naukowy naszego zakła- du dotyczy bowiem w głównej mierze historii starożytnego Rzymu, a przede wszystkim numizmatyki tego państwa Niniejszy tom różni się w swoich założeniach od poprzednich czterech Wcześniejsze dotyczyły różnych aspektów historii, a szczególnie historii pie- niądza na całym terytorium państwa rzymskiego i obszarach ościennych Piąty tom odnosi się natomiast jedynie do Azji Mniejszej oraz spraw małoazjatyc- kich, zawierając przy tym artykuły zarówno pracowników zakładu historii Starożytnej uniwersytetu Śląskiego, jak i zaproszonych gości Wachlarz za- prezentowanej problematyki jest jednocześnie bardzo szeroki chronologicznie dotyczy on bowiem kwestii Małej Azji w dziejach późnej Republiki Rzymskiej oraz w czasach Imperium Rzymskiego aż po wczesne bizancjum tematycz- nie nawiązuje natomiast do spraw historii politycznej tego regionu, a także do tamtejszych kwestii ideologicznych, kulturowych, religijnych oraz społecznych Polski czytelnik otrzymuje w ten sposób szeroki, panoramiczny obraz historii Małej Azji w czasach rzymskich, a dzięki bogatemu aparatowi naukowemu w postaci stanów badań nad poszczególnymi problemami i cytowanej literatury przedmiotu — wiedzę co do światowych studiów o tym obszarze w starożytno- ści rzymskiej czytelnicy spoza Polski otrzymują natomiast w ten sposób wgląd w główne profile polskich zainteresowań badawczych nad tym fascynującym rejonem w tamtych czasach Wiesław Kaczanowicz Önsöz „Eski Roma Siyaset ve Para” kitap serisinin beşinci ciltini Okuyuculara tanıtıyoruz bu seri Katowice’deki Silezya Üniversitesi’nin Eski tarih bölü- münün araştırmacılarının ilgileri ve araştırmalarının sonucudur Çünkü bölümü- müzün bilimsel profili Eski Roma tarihi ve öncelikle bu ülkenin numismatiği ile ilgilidir Sunulan beşinci ciltin varsayımları önceki dört ciltin varsayımlarından ayrılır Öncekiler tarihinin farklı acıları ve özellikle Roma’nın bütün alanında ve komşu ulkelerinde para tarihi ile ilgilendi Oysa ki beşinci cilt sadece Küçük Asya (Anadolu) ve onunla ilgili meseleler ile alakalıdır Ayrıca bu kitap hem Silezya Üniversitesi’nin araştırmacıları hem de davet edilmiş misafirlerin makalelerini içinde barındırır Aynı zamanda sunulan problemler geniş alana yayılır Kronolojik olarak geç Roma cumhuriyeti ve erken bizans devrine kadar Roma İmparatorluğu zamanındaki Küçük Asya ile ilgili meselelere dokunur Konusal olarak Anadolu bölgesinin siyasal tarihi yanı sıra ideolojik, kültürel, dinsel ve sosyal sorunlarını anlatır bunun sayesinde Polonyalı Okuyucu Roma döneminde Küçük Asya’nin tarihinin geniş, panoramik görüşünü elde edebilir buna ek olarak, belirli meseleler uzerine yapılan araştırmaların sonuçları yada alıntı yapılmış feyizli edebiyat gibi zengin araştırma araçlarının sayesinde Eski Roma döneminde bu alanlarla ilgili dunyadaki araştırmalar hakkında bilgi sahibi olabilir Aynı zamanda, böylece yabancı Okuyucular Polonya’da bu büyüleyici bolge üzerine yapılan araştırmaların ana profilini öğrenebilir Wiesław Kaczanowicz Introduction We pass the fifth volume of the series Ancient Rome. Politics and Money into the hands of Readers this series is a result of interests and researches conducted by the employees of the Ancient history department at the univer- sity of Silesia in Katowice the scientific profile of our department concerns mainly the history of ancient Rome and, above all, numismatics of this country As far as its assumptions are concerned, this volume differs from the four previous Earlier volumes concerned various aspects of history and, particularly, the history of money in the whole territory of the Roman Empire and neigh- bouring areas the fifth volume relates only to Asia Minor and its issues and includes articles written by both the employees of the Ancient history depart- ment of the university of Silesia and invited guests therefore, the range of presented problems is very wide chronologically-wise, it concerns the issues of Asia Minor in the history of the late Roman Republic and at the time of Roman Empire until early byzantium the subject of this volume refers to the political history of this region as well as to the ideological, cultural, religious and social issues thus, Polish readers gain a wide, panoramic image of the history of Asia Minor during Roman times and, thanks to a wide scientific system represented by the current state of research and plenty of quotations from reference books, knowledge of global studies about this area at the time of ancient Rome Read- ers outside Poland, in turn, acquire insight into main scientific profiles of Polish researches concerning this fascinating region at that time Wiesław Kaczanowicz MAREK JAn OLbrycht The Pontic Kingdom, Arsacid Iran and Armenia: Remarks on the Political Strategy of Mithradates VI Eupator (until 89 b.C.) After Mithradates VI Eupator had noticed the Ro- man expensionary policy in Anatola, he formulated precise war aims and political plans which, in con- temporary terms, may be called a military and politi- cal strategy the Roman state posed a threat of sub- jugating the whole Anatolia coupled with efforts of incorporating them having correctly identified the capabilities and intentions of Rome, Eupator aimed at consolidation inside the Pontic state and strengthening its position vis-à-vis neighbouring powers because his assessment of the above-mentioned threats was correct he was able to fight Rome for more than 25 years to start with, the notion of military strategy needs some explanation Military strategy is defined as the art of designing and managing military cam- paigns but military factors are inseparable from the non-military ones in conducting the war and in schemes designed for securing the peace the starting point of all strategic planning and actions is state policy conducted by its leaders carl von clausewitz, one of the greatest students of strategy, summarised this relation in the following words: “War is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of policy carried out by other means ” the same ideas flourished in antiquity, too 1 thus, one have 1 E l W h e e l e r: “Methodological limits and the Mirage of Roman Strategy: Part II ” The Journal of Military History, vol 57, no 2, 1993, p 221 14 Marek Jan Olbrycht to distinguish between political and military aspects of strategy Political factors of strategy comprise state policy (sometimes formulated as political programmes) as well as the enemy’s policy and intentions Military strategy deals with the state of the armed forces, aims of campaigns, the theatre of war (including bases of operations and lines of communication), principles of preparedness, and coalition warfare It can be inferred from the source material that the political strategy of Eupator towards Rome was based upon the programme which consisted of the following postulates: 1. Building the kingdom and its economic as well as military ressources 2. Subjugating/conquering new territories in the black Sea area, chiefly beyond the Roman sphere of control or interest in the black Sea area 3. Gaining new powerful allies, including the Parthian empire and Parthian- dominated Armenia Issues pertaining to the points 1 and 2 have been investigated by the his- torians for a long time Eupator attached utmost importance to the erection of fortifications and strongholds during the internal consolidation of the kingdom, the fortified centres made the basis for the dynasty at the same time becom- ing the elements of defence system against the aggression of the neighbouring