ForewordForeword YEARBOOK 2011/12 Foreword As President of the Republic of South Africa, This Yearbook contains powerful evidence I am pleased to present the South Africa of the progress we have sustained since our Yearbook 2011/12. political transformation. It also shows how our programme of economic transforma- This is government’s official publication of tion is producing results that are changing record that showcases the achievements of the lives of ordinary people and making our nation. The Yearbook profiles the work South Africa a better place in which to live undertaken by various government depart- and work, and an attractive destination for ments and progress in sectors related to investment, trade and tourism. departments. You will discover in this volume the strides This is, therefore, a compilation of facts we are making in national priority areas and figures that demonstrates the progress such as education and skills, health, rural we are making in building the non-racist, development and land reform, creating non-sexist and prosperous South Africa decent work and fighting crime and corrup- envisioned in our Constitution. tion. We look back with pride on 2011 as an Above all, you will discover that we are a industrious year, which we declared as the dynamic, energetic and proud nation whose Year of Job Creation and during which we achievements in 2011 create further hope started implementing our plans to fight the and inspiration for achieving the goals we triple challenge of poverty, unemployment have set for our future. and inequality in a difficult economic climate. Our goal is clear. We want to have a country This provided fresh focus for a nation that where millions more South Africans have had been energised and inspired by the decent employment opportunities, which success of the first African FIFA World has a modern infrastructure and a vibrant CupTM a year earlier in 2010. economy, and where the quality of life is high. This Yearbook illustrates how we are In the Year of Job Creation, employment getting there. unfolded in the public and private sectors through large-scale developments such as We are indeed writing a new story about electricity plants, rail and road upgrades and South Africa and you are holding part of that water management that will sustain thou- story in your hand. sands of jobs and push our economy onto a higher trajectory of growth. We also formed I hope the Yearbook will inspire and impress various strategic partnerships to give further you to be or become a champion for building impetus and drive to our key imperatives. an even better South Africa. The year 2011 was also the year in which we marked 21 years since the release from prison of our beloved founding President Nelson Mandela. The date, 11 February 1990, was a momentous, special moment for our country, our continent and the inter- national community, marking our victory JG Zuma over the repugnant system of apartheid. President of South Africa April 2012 YEARBOOK 2011/12 South Africa Yearbook 2011/12 Nineteenth edition Originally published as South Africa Official Yearbook ISSN 0302-0681 Managing editor: Nina Bhaktawar Editor: Delien Burger Assistant editors: Antonia Vermeulen and Jacky Hefez Editorial support: Cecilia de Vos Belgraver Picture researchers: Elizabeth Mpila and Ongezwa Manyathi Photographs supplied by: Africa Media Online; Delien Burger; Department of Interna- tional Relations and Cooperation; Yolande Dednam; Lissele Botha; Este Koorts; GCIS Photo Studio; Graeme Williams; Mediaclub South Africa; Nicolette Prinsloo; Picturenet Cover design: Yolande Dednam Design and layout: Yolande Dednam Compiled, edited and published by GCIS Private Bag X745, Pretoria, 0001 Telephone: 012 314 2911, Fax: 012 323 0557 Website: www.gcis.gov.za Printed and bound in the Republic of South Africa by CTP Printers ISBN 978-0-621-40471-5 ISSN 1022-9515 Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 57-40609 The South Africa Yearbook is compiled and edited by the GCIS. The editorial staff has taken all reasonable care to ensure correctness of facts and statistics. However, any person requiring formal confirmation of any data in theSouth Africa Yearbook, or more detailed specific information, should consult the contributors. The information is also available on Government Online (www.gov.za). Unless otherwise specified, the information contained in this book was the latest avail- able in October 2011. ContentsContents YEARBOOK 2011/12 Contents Chapter 1 Arts and culture initiatives 78 – 79 Education and training 79 – 80 The land and its people 1 – 16 Cultural tourism 80 The land 2 – 4 Cultural industries 80 – 81 The people 4 – 5 International relations 81 – 82 The provinces 5 – 16 Arts festivals 82 Theatre 82 Chapter 2 Music 83 – 84 Dance 84 – 85 History 17 – 34 Visual arts 85 The early inhabitants 18 Photography 85 The early colonial period 18 – 19 Architecture 85 – 86 The British colonial era 19 – 21 Rock art 86 The mineral revolution 21 – 22 Crafts 86 The Anglo-Boer/South African War Design 86 – 87 (October 1899 – May 1902) Literature 87 – 88 and its aftermath 22 – 23 Film 88 – 90 Segregation 23 – 25 Museums 90 – 92 Apartheid 25 – 26 Archives 92 – 93 Contents The end of apartheid 26 – 28 Library and information The First Decade of Freedom 28 – 30 services sector 93 – 95 The Second Decade of Freedom 30 – 32 Chapter 5 Chapter 3 Communications 97 – 116 Policy and initiatives 98 – 99 Agriculture, forestry Presidential National and fisheries 35 – 70 Commission on Information Legislation 36 Society and Development 99 Agricultural economy 36 Public entities and agencies Sustainable resource reporting to the Minister of management and use 36 – 39 Communications 100 Production 39 – 45 Internet 100 – 101 Veterinary services 45 – 46 Mobile communications 101 Regulation services 46 Telkom 101 – 102 Marketing 46 – 47 Liberalisation 102 Agricultural land administration 47 The postal sector 102 – 103 Land settlement 48 International and regional Food security 48 – 49 cooperation 103 Mechanisation 49 The media 104 – 111 Regional issues 49 Media organisations and International issues 49 role players 111 – 113 International relations 50 – 53 Training centres 113 Risk management 53 – 54 Journalism awards 113 Credit and assistance 54 – 58 Media diversity 113 – 114 Training and research 58 – 59 Advertising 114 – 115 Forestry 59 – 67 Fisheries 67 – 70 Chapter 6 Chapter 4 Economy 117 – 146 Economic indicators 118 – 120 Arts and culture 71 – 96 Employment 120 Funding 72 Price inflation 121 – 122 Arts and culture summit 72 Exchange rates 122 Arts and culture organisations Foreign trade and payments 122 – 125 and institutions 72 – 75 Department of Economic The Bureau of Heraldry 75 – 77 Development 125 – 128 Languages 77 – 78 Department of Trade and Industry 128 – 133 Small, medium and Coal 178 – 179 micro-enterprises 133 – 136 Nuclear 179 Black Economic Empowerment 136 Liquid fuels 179 – 180 Consumer and corporate Oil and gas 180 – 182 regulation 136 – 137 Electricity 182 – 184 Business process outsourcing Solar 184 – 185 and offshoring 137 Wind 185 Department of Public Enterprises 137 – 140 Hydro 185 Public works programmes 140 – 141 Ocean energy 185 Labour programmes 141 – 144 Sustainable development on National Economic Development the African continent 186 and Labour Council 145 Energy and the global environment 186 – 187 Chapter 7 International coordination 187 – 188 Education 147 – 168 Chapter 9 Legislative framework and policies 149 – 150 Budget allocation 150 Environmental affairs 191 – 216 National and provincial Policy and legislation 192 – 193 departments of education 150 World Summit on Sustainable Outcomes focus 150 – 151 Development 193 Policy developments Biological diversity 193 – 197 and programmes 151 – 153 Conserving biodiversity 197 – 199 Early Childhood Development 153 – 154 Protected areas 199 – 203 Education of learners with Zoological gardens 203 – 204 special needs 154 Aquariums 204 – 205 Educator development 154 – 155 Snake and reptile parks 205 School management 155 Conservation challenges and Education infrastructure 155 – 156 initiatives 205 – 212 Equity in education expenditure 156 International cooperation 212 – 214 National School Private-sector involvement 214 Nutrition Programme 156 School safety and enrichment 157 – 158 Chapter 10 Kha Ri Gude Mass Literacy Campaign 158 Finance 217 – 248 Statutory bodies 158 – 159 Financial expenditure 218 Educator unions 159 – 160 Fiscal policy framework 218 – 222 Higher education and training 160 – 164 Debt management 222 – 224 National Skills Development Legislation 224 Strategy 164 Financial institutions 224 – 226 Human Resources Development South African Revenue Service 226 – 230 Council of South Africa 165 National Gambling Board 230 – 232 Sector education and National Lotteries Board 232 training authorities 165 Auditor-General of South Africa 232 – 233 National Skills Authority 165 Financial sector 233 – 236 National Skills Fund 165 – 166 The banking industry 236 – 237 Libraries 166 The micro-lending industry 237 Other financial institutions 237 – 238 Chapter 8 Financial Services Board 238 – 240 Financial markets 240 – 242 Energy 169 – 190 Exchange rates 242 – 243 Legislation 171 – 172 Exchange controls 243 – 245 Policy initiatives 172 – 173 JSE Limited 245 – 247 Funding 173 – 174 Strate Limited 247 Public entities and other role players 174 – 175 Energy efficiency 176 – 178 Energy statistics 178 Chapter 11 Chapter 14 Government system 249 – 276 International relations and The Constitution