Printed by Tryckeriet i E-huset, Lund 2018 Printed by Tryckeriet ADEM SARAN & MANSOOR ASHRATI Position and Usage Monitoring of Help Aid ADEM SARAN MANSOOR ASHRATI MASTER´S THESIS DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING | LTH | LUND UNIVERSITY Position and Usage Monitoring of Help Aid of Help Monitoring and Usage Position Series of Master’s theses Department of Electrical and Information Technology LUND 2018 LU/LTH-EIT 2018-662 http://www.eit.lth.se Position and Usage Monitoring of Help Aid Adem Saran: [email protected] Mansoor Ashrati: [email protected] Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University Supervisors at EIT: Stefan Höst, Jonathan Sönnerup Supervisors at Cybercom: Mahmoud Passikhani, Omid Asali Examiner: Maria Kihl 2018-06-18 c 2018 Printed in Sweden Tryckeriet i E-huset, Lund Popular science summary The ever expanding world of Internet of things (IoT) solutions can be applied to many different areas. In the use case of help aid, this master’s thesis aims to provide a solution that can reliably send out information about the usage and position of the help aids to the stakeholders. The number of IoT devices are in- which also are the stakeholders in this creasing and these devices are mainly project. Being able to monitor the used to collect data. An IoT device help aids usage and position, reducing can be anything from a small sen- these unnecessary costs is possible. sor sending data once a day or be A comprehensive background research used in larger use cases, such as traf- has been done on different compo- fic safety or industry. The security in nents and earlier works and projects IoT devices are often not prioritized in the same problem area. The results which has led to some major issues from the research showed that there for the concerned parties. Also with are no earlier solutions to this kind the General Data Protection Regula- of monitoring problem but resources tion (GDPR) coming into effect on and components to create a solution, the 25th of May 2018, higher require- exists. The results from this thesis are ments on how the data that is col- therefore divided into an architectural lected can be stored and what data proposal solution and a proof of con- is allowed to be collected, will be en- cept solution. forced. In order to properly tackle the moni- The three different help aids that toring issue one must firstly define the are being monitored are, wheelchairs, aspect of what usage is for the three walkers and TENS machines. These different types of help aids. Two other are lent out from hospitals in each aspects that are essential are how the county council in Sweden. Often these usage is going to be monitored and help aids are lost and never returned how the monitoring is performed. back to the hospitals. This is a un- necessary cost for the county councils, The results from the architectural so- i lution and the proof of concept solu- lution the position is determined with tion shows two solutions that are simi- Geolocation and the communication lar in many ways. Both solutions con- to the Internet is done through the sider the monitoring aspects, security Wi-Fi network. The stored data is in the system and the implementa- minimal, containing device id, coor- tion is in compliance to the GDPR dinates and a time stamp. This to- and presentation of data. The us- gether with encryption of the data en- age monitoring of the wheelchair and sures GDPR compliance. This data is the walker is done using three differ- presented in a web application. ent sensors, hall effect sensor, pressure sensor and an accelerometer, since us- The conclusions are that there is a so- ing one or two of them are not suffi- lution to the issue of lost help aids. cient enough to ensure that they are Both solutions given in the thesis are being used. For the TENS machine, relevant and both are viable for fur- a circuit had been built, that senses ther development. The architectural conducting current through the wires solution implements the most inde- from the TENS machine. The sensors pendent solution with regards to com- and the circuit exchange data with an munication and positioning. This is ESP8266, a popular device for IoT then scaled down in to a proof of con- solutions. For the architectural pro- cept solution that focuses more on de- posal solution the position is deter- termining usage. The designed sys- mined with GPS and the communi- tem could be used in other areas with cation between the ESP8266 to the similar monitoring issues. It could Internet is done through the cellular also be used by doctors to follow up a network. For the proof of concept so- scheduled treatment, given out to pa- tients etc. ii Abstract Internet of Things or IoT is an emerging field of technology that can be imple- mented in different use cases to collect and exchange data. Help aids such as wheelchairs, walkers and TENS machines, that are lent out by the county councils to private persons, are easily lost due to several factors and this is a problem. Using IoT to implement a system that can monitor the usage and the position of these help aids, could solve the problem. This Master’s Thesis aims to provide an architectural proposal solution and a proof of concept solution on how to design the system from a hardware perspective and how to present of the collected data, with the main focus on how to monitor the position and usage of the help aids. The thesis also introduces and discusses the implementation of the GDPR in the solution, which is highly relevant. Known from before, security in IoT solutions have not been highly prioritized. In this thesis, the security has been taken into consideration since sensitive data is being handled. Keywords - Positioning, Usage, Wheelchair, Walker, TENS machine, IoT, Help aids, GDPR, Security iii iv Acknowledgements The authors of this thesis send our greatest gratitude to our supervisors Stefan Höst and Jonathan Sönnerup at EIT, as well as our supervisors Mahmoud Pas- sikhani and Omid Asali at Cybercom for making this thesis possible. Special thanks go to Victor Remmo for his contributions and help. Finally, we send thanks to our families and friends for their support. v vi Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background ............................... 1 1.2 Goals .................................. 2 1.3 Related Work .............................. 3 1.4 Outline of Thesis ............................ 3 2 Usage and Monitoring Aspects 5 2.1 Wheelchair and Walker ......................... 5 2.2 TENS Machine ............................. 5 2.3 Usage .................................. 6 3 Background 9 3.1 Internet of Things ........................... 9 3.2 Microcontroller ............................. 10 3.3 NodeMCU ............................... 10 3.4 Sensors ................................. 11 3.5 Interface Bus .............................. 12 3.6 Positioning ............................... 13 3.7 Wireless Communications ....................... 15 3.8 Database ................................ 18 3.9 General Data Protection Regulation .................. 18 3.10 Security ................................. 21 4 Architectural Solution Proposal 29 4.1 Overview of Solution .......................... 30 4.2 Communication ............................. 31 4.3 Positioning ............................... 32 4.4 Security and Attack Model ....................... 32 4.5 Privacy ................................. 34 4.6 User interface .............................. 34 4.7 Monitoring usage ............................ 35 4.8 ESP8266 ................................ 38 4.9 SIM808 ................................. 39 4.10 Sensors ................................. 40 vii 5 The proof of concept solution 43 5.1 Assumptions .............................. 43 5.2 Overview of Solution .......................... 43 5.3 Communication ............................. 46 5.4 Positioning ............................... 46 5.5 Security ................................. 47 5.6 Data handling, Database and GDPR .................. 47 5.7 User interface .............................. 48 5.8 Monitoring Usage ............................ 49 6 Evaluation of proof of concept solution 53 6.1 Usage Evaluation of Wheelchair and Walker .............. 53 6.2 Usage Evaluation of TENS Machine .................. 55 6.3 Testing and evaluation of positioning ................. 55 7 Conclusion 57 7.1 Comparison And Evaluation of Solutions ............... 57 7.2 Future work ............................... 58 Bibliography 61 A The specifications for the TENS modes 67 B The different signal modulations from the TENS machine 69 viii List of Figures 3.1 A wheel containing one magnet, passing by a hall-effect sensor. ... 11 3.2 Colliding sphere surfaces from the GPS satellites. ........... 13 3.3 The connection during a Man-In-The-Middle attack. ......... 26 3.4 Network sniffing. ............................ 27 4.1 Brief overview of the system showing the flow of information. .... 29 4.2 Overview of architectural solution proposal. .............. 30 4.3 Priority flowchart of the sensors used for the wheelchair and walker solutions. ................................ 37 4.4 Bridge circuit detecting current through the wires from the TENS machine. ................................ 38 4.5 MOD-WIFI-ESP8266-DEV (ESP8266 module). ............ 39 4.6 The SIM808 module with GPS positioning and GPRS mobile commu- nication. ................................. 40 4.7 The LSM9DS1 accelerometer module. ................. 41 4.8 The hall-effect