Timeline Notes 3100 - 2950 BCE Hieroglyphs – language of symbols – designed. Used for records – buying and selling Wrote on scrolls 2950 BCE Memphis – capital city of Egypt – 770 years - built 2950 - 2575 BCE First Egyptian pyramid – built 70ms tall – made limestone Still stands today 2575 - 2150 BCE Great pyramids of Giza – built Built for pharaohs Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure Built – western desert – 5 miles from banks of River Nile Seven wonders of the world 2125 - 1975 BCE Egypt is divided – North and South North – ruled by Memphis South – ruled by Thebes 1975 - 1640 BCE Egypt is reunited – under pharaoh Mentuhotep II Technology to smelt and cast bronze – statues designed and built. 1630 - 1520 BCE Hyksos Rulers invaded North-East Egypt Brought new technology, culture and customs Hykos Kings expelled – Pharaoh Ahmose I 1539 - 1075 BCE Great Pharaohs ruled 10 year rule – Tutankhamun – began 1332 BCE – died 18 1017 - 715 BCE Nubians conquered Egypt – built own dynasty of Pharaohs – Shabaka and Taharqa Built/restored temples and pyramids - Nile Valley 525 BCE Persians conquer Egypt Invaded and defeated Egyptian armies Constant rebellion – against Persian rule Many pharaohs – many overthrown/assassinated. 332 BCE Alexander the Great conquers Egypt Egyptian people delighted – freed from Persian rule 305 BCE Ptolemaic Era – After Alexander the Great died – Ptolemy – governor of Egypt. Defended Egypt from invasion Ptolemaic Dynasty – most famous in Ancient Egypt 196 BCE The Rosetta Stone is carved – key to translating hieroglyphics Text – written in three languages – Hieroglyphics, Egyptian Demotic and Ancient Greek. Discovered 1799 – display British Museum in London 51 - 30 BCE Cleopatra – Reigned 27 years. Had a son with Roman leader Julius Caesar - Caesarion Died at 39 – poisoned Caesarion became Pharaoh Ptolemy XV 30 BCE Roman Empire conquers Egypt – led by Octavian – conquered Egypt in 30 BCE Ptolemy XV Assassinated Egypt ran by prefects appointed by Emperor Became wealthiest province outside of Italy .