Capitales Européennes de la Culture et Cohésion Urbaine Transfrontalière Décembre 2019 CAHIER DE LA RECHERCHE ÉTUDIANTE Thématique n°1 : Sentiment d’appartenance transfrontalier et identité européenne Capitales européennes de la culture et cohésion urbaine Janvier 2016 transfrontalière Décembre 2019 CAHIER DE LA RECHERCHE ÉTUDIANTE Thématique n°1 : Sentiment d’appartenance transfrontalier et identité européenne Capitales européennes de la culture et cohésion urbaine transfrontalière Janvier 2016 Ces analyses académiques sont réalisées dans le cadre du Réseau Jean Monnet «CECCUT» financé par le Programme Erasmus + de l’Union européenne (2018-2021). http://www.ceccut.eu/en/home/ Numéro de référence : 599614-EPP-1-2018-1-2018-1-LU-EPPJMO-NETWORK. Le soutien de la Commission européenne à la production de cette publication ne constitue pas une approbation du contenu, qui reflète uniquement le point de vue des auteurs, et la Commission ne peut pas être tenue responsable de toute utilisation qui pourrait être faite des informations qu’elle contient. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- These research analyses are written within the framework of the “CECCUT” Jean Monnet Network sponsored by the Erasmus + Programme of the European Union (2018-2021). http://www.ceccut.eu/en/home/ Reference number: 599614-EPP-1-2018-1-LU-EPPJMO-NETWORK. The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use, which may be made of the information contained therein. CONTENTS Edito 7 Article 1: Capitales européennes de la culture dans les espaces transfrontaliers et sentiment d’appartenance européen - Liza Deléon (Université de Lille) 11 Introduction 12 1. Aspects méthodologiques 12 2. Résultats 13 2.1 Lille 13 2.2 Mons 15 2.3 San Sebastian 17 2.4 Timişoara 19 Conclusion 20 Références 20 Article 2: Political Theories and Systems of the European Union. Impact of European cultural policies on the sense of belonging to the Europe. Based on the case study of European Capital of Culture Mons 2015. - Thomas Apolito, Adrien Daels, Jean Maton-Duez (UCLouvain, FUCaM Mons) 21 Introduction 22 1. Hypothesis 22 2. Methodology 22 3. European identity 23 3.1 Civilizations and “macro-identity” 23 3.2 Individual and collective identity 23 3.3 European identity 23 4. The concept of culture 24 4.1 Concept of cultural identity 25 5. European capitals of Culture 25 6. European citizens and cultural policies of the European Union 27 7. The case of Mons 2015 27 Conclusion 28 References 29 Article 3: Festival du Film Italien de Villerupt et identité transfrontalière. Cas d’étude : Esch 2022 : Raconter l’esprit des lieux entre Lorraine et Luxembourg à partir des affiches de cet événement cinématographique - Paul Blanchemanche (LISER & Université de Lorraine) 31 Introduction / Thématique du travail 32 1. Aspects méthodologiques 33 2. Résultats et discussions 34 2.1 Dolce vita de cité 34 2.2 L’ouvrier et le transfrontalier sans frontière 36 2.3 Une nomatitude d’Etat, un état de nomatitude 38 Conclusion 39 Références 41 Article 4: European Capitals of Culture, Sense of Belonging and Cross-Border Cooperation. Case study: Timişoara - Ştefan-Florentin Lorinţ (West University of Timişoara) 43 Introduction 44 1. Methodological Aspects 44 2. Results and Discussions 45 2.1 Long-term Cultural Strategies of Timişoara and Novi Sad 45 2.2 Bid book Analysis 46 2.3 Interview analysis - cultural stakeholders of Timişoara 2021 47 2.4 Partial conclusions 50 Conclusion 50 References 51 CECCUT - CAHIER DE LA RECHERCHE ÉTUDIANTE N°1 5 EDITO This first Student Research Booklet of the Jean Monnet CECCUT Network presents the papers carried out during the academic year 2018-2019. These papers are based on studies and fieldwork of the students from the network’s member universities/research centres. The main theme is related to the focus of the network for this first year, namely the feeling of belonging to Europe. The main research objective was thus to analyse the role that culture and cultural action can play in the development of a sense of belonging, of a European identity, in particular in cross-border regions. The works covered several cases of European Capitals of Culture: Lille (2004), Mons (2015), San Sebastián (2016), Timisoara and Novi Sad, which will bear the title in 2021. This makes it possible to cross-reference the assessment of past capitals with projects for future capitals. In addition, a study concerns the Italian film festival in Villerupt on the French-Luxembourg border, a cross-border festival that is part of the territory of the cultural capital Esch-sur-Alzette to come in 2022. This rich and diversified corpus was informed by an equally diverse set of methodologies: analysis of the reference literature, documentary research (evaluation or application documentation of cultural capitals, for example), interviews with stakeholders, use of Eurobarometer data. The papers deliver an in-depth view of the challenges that cultural policies encompass in cross-border regions to build and “work out” the representations and perceptions of cultural actors and citizens regarding their European identity. Far from being linear, the results reveal contrasting dynamics. The link between a cultural event or mechanism and a sense of belonging is not systematic and depends on many factors, linked not only to the nature of the cultural event, in this case the European Capital of Culture, but also to the specific characteristics of the regions concerned: geo-historical specificities of the territory, specified socio-professional characteristics of the cultural sector. Beyond these nuances, the studies confirm the symbolic and representational dimension that cultural actions carry in order to create and convey a sense of belonging linked to a territory, to a specific geographical area. Consequently, cross-border territories appear to be territories for experimentation of a Europe of culture under construction, which cannot be the simple reproduction of the identification mechanisms that have been consolidated over the course of history at other levels - State, nation, region..... As such, the creative energy of cultural actors, the capacity for innovation of cultural policies, somehow appear to be the means of inventing this “Europe” cultural ensemble, which complements rather than replaces the cultural references already in place. A guarantee, in short, of unity in diversity. Coordinated by Thomas Perrin (Université de Lille, laboratoire TVES) with the participation of Christian Lamour (LISER), Frédéric Durand (LISER), Fabienne CECCUT - CAHIER DE LA RECHERCHE ÉTUDIANTE N°1 7 Leloup (UCL), Pauline Bosredon (UL) et Corina Tursie (UWT) Summary of the studies from the 1st CECCUT Student Research Booklet AUTHORS / TOPIC METHODOLOGY MAIN CONCLUSIONS - Very different use of the border dimension, for reasons specific to the geographical, economic and social context - The cross-border dimension is not necessarily the only way to generate a sense of European belonging Comparison of four European Capitals European Capitals of Culture in cross-border - Lille has continued to highlight the cross-border of Culture: Lille (France, 2004), Mons areas and European sense of belonging - dimension since 2004, Mons is timidly beginning (Belgium, 2015), San Sebastián (Spain, Liza Deléon to take an interest in it, and it is already a factor 2016) and Timisoara (Romania, 2021). of regional development in San Sebastián and Timisoara - Cultural strategy undoubtedly has a prominent place in the experimentation of the European project, particularly where it is a question of reinventing one’s identity - A state of the art Impact of European cultural policies on the - The use of Eurobarometers sense of belonging to the Europe. Based The project of European capital of culture, in the on the case study of European Capital of - An analysis of the Mons 2015 case and case of Mons 2015, has strengthened the sense of Culture Mons 2015. - Thomas Apolito, qualitative non-directive interviews with belonging to the region rather to Europe Adrien Daels, Jean Maton-Duez students, whether or not they participated in the Mons 2015 project. - If the identity and representations of these territories trigger questioning, the same is true for the future of this cross-border space - Decoding of the 41 festival posters - The reduction of the administrative border does Italian film festival of Villerupt and cross- - Interviews with six elected representatives not mitigate the existence or emergence of other border identity. Case study: Esch 2022 - of Italian origin, with a personal and/or divisions Paul Blanchemanche elective attachment to this cross-border area - The creation of a cross-border identity that would define this area, but more generally the Greater Region, could emerge from a reconsideration of the concept of border and territory - The cross-border collaboration component is less taken into consideration in the bid book of Novi Sad - Analysis of the Timisoara 2021 and Novi than in Timisoara Sad 2021 bid books to document identity narratives in a cross-border context - For smaller independent cultural actors the European capitals of culture, sense of development of cross-border collaboration is very - Survey on the perception of the belonging and cross border cooperation.