ALAGAPPA UNIVERSITY [Accredited with ‘A+’ Grade by NAAC (CGPA:3.64) in the Third Cycle and Graded as Category–I University by MHRD-UGC] (A State University Established by the Government of Tamil Nadu) KARAIKUDI – 630 003 B.A. [Public Administration] V - Semester 106 54 CITIZEN AND ADMINISTRATION Author: VC Shushant Parashar, Visiting Faculty, Amity Institute of Social Sciences, Amity University, Noida Units: (1-14) "The copyright shall be vested with Alagappa University" All rights reserved. No part of this publication which is material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or transmitted or utilized or stored in any form or by any means now known or hereinafter invented, electronic, digital or mechanical, including photocopying, scanning, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. Information contained in this book has been published by VIKAS® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. and has been obtained by its Authors from sources believed to be reliable and are correct to the best of their knowledge. However, the Alagappa University, Publisher and its Authors shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of this information and specifically disclaim any implied warranties or merchantability or fitness for any particular use. Vikas® is the registered trademark of Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. VIKAS® PUBLISHING HOUSE PVT. LTD. E-28, Sector-8, Noida - 201301 (UP) Phone: 0120-4078900 Fax: 0120-4078999 Regd. Office: A-27, 2nd Floor, Mohan Co-operative Industrial Estate, New Delhi 1100 44 Website: www.vikaspublishing.com Email: [email protected] Work Order No.AU/DDE/DE12-27/Preparation and Printing of Course Materials/2020 Dated 12.08.2020 Copies - SYLLABI-BOOK MAPPING TABLE Citizen and Administration BLOCK I: VALUES AND ETHICS IN PUBLIC SERVICES Unit 1: Integrity in Administration - Ethics and Values in Public Services Unit 1: Integrity in Unit 2: Indian Model of Ombudsman: Lokpal and Lokayuktas Administration, Ethics and Values in Public Services (Pages 1-14); Unit 2: Indian Model of Ombudsman: Lokpal and Lokayuktas (Pages 15-28) BLOCK II: ACCOUNTABILITY AND POPULAR CONTROL Unit 3: Concept of Accountability - Popular Control Over Administration Unit 3: Concept of Unit 4: Peoples Participation in Administration - Meaning - Mechanism - Accountability: Popular Challenges Control over Administration Unit 5: Role of Civil Society - Social Audit: Meaning - Benefits - Methodology (Pages 29-42); Unit 4: People’s Participation in Administration: Meaning, Mechanism and Challenges (Pages 43-56); Unit 5: Role of Civil Society and Social Audit (Pages 57-70) BLOCK III: OPENNESS AND TRANSPERANCY Unit 6: Openness and Right to Information - Right To Information Act: Key Unit 6: Openness and Right Contents to Information Unit 7: Citizens Charter - Evolution and Experience in India (Pages 71-85); Unit 8: Pressure and Interest Groups - Meaning - Definition - Classification - Unit 7: Citizen's Charter: Features Evolution and Experience in India (Pages 86-99); Unit 8: Pressure and Interest Groups (Pages 100-113) BLOCK IV: GOOD GOVERNANCE Unit 9: Good Governance: Concepts and Applications - Features - Unit 9: Introduction to Good Characteristics - Application in India Governance Unit 10: Good Governance: Concept - Applications - Parameters (Pages 114-125); Unit 11: E-Governance - Concepts - Success Story in India Unit 10: Concept and Application of Good Governance (Pages 126-138); Unit 11: E-Governance: Concepts and Success Story in India (Pages 139-153) BLOCK V: ANTI-CORRUPTION AND REDRESSAL MECHANISM Unit 12: Legal and Institutional Frame Work to Check Anti - Corruption in Unit 12: Legal and Institutional India Framework to Check Unit 13: Central Vigilance Commission - Central Bureau of Investigation: Corruption in India Powers and Functions (Pages 154-166); Unit 14: Grievances Redressal Mechanism At District - State - Central Level Unit 13: Central Vigilance in India Commission and Central Bureau of Investigation (Pages 167-178); Unit 14: Grievances Redressal Mechanism at District, State and Central Levels in India (Pages 179-190) CONTENTS BLOCK I: VALUES AND ETHICS IN PUBLIC SERVICES UNIT 1 INTEGRITY IN ADMINISTRATION, ETHICS AND VALUES IN PUBLIC SERVICES 1-14 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Integrity in Administration: Ethics and Values in Public Services 1.2.1 Role of Values in the Public Service System 1.2.2 Role of Ethics in the Public Service System 1.3 Steps to Inculcate Integrity, Ethics and Value in the Administrative System 1.4 Maintaining Integrity in Public Administration 1.4.1 Code of Ethics 1.5 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 1.6 Summary 1.7 Keywords 1.8 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 1.9 Further Readings UNIT 2 INDIAN MODEL OF OMBUDSMAN: LOKPAL AND LOKAYUKTAS 15-28 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Objectives 2.2 Definition and Meaning of Ombudsman 2.3 Ombudsman in India: Lokpal and Lokayukta 2.3.1 The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 2.4 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 2.5 Summary 2.6 Key Words 2.7 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 2.8 Further Readings BLOCK II: ACCOUNTABILITY AND POPULAR CONTROL UNIT 3 CONCEPT OF ACCOUNTABILITY: POPULAR CONTROL OVER ADMINISTRATION 29-42 3.0 Introduction 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Definition and Meaning of Accountability 3.2.1 Significance of Accountability 3.2.2 Implementation of Accountability 3.2.3 Methods of Promoting Accountability 3.2.4 Types of Accountability 3.3 Accountability: An International Perspective 3.4 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 3.5 Summary 3.6 Key Words 3.7 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 3.8 Further Readings UNIT 4 PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN ADMINISTRATION: MEANING, MECHANISM AND CHALLENGES 43-56 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Objectives 4.2 Definition, Meaning and Types of People’s Participation 4.3 People’s Participation: An International Perspective 4.3.1 Methods to Promote People’s Participation 4.4 People’s Participation in India 4.4.1 Methods of Initiating People’s Participation 4.5 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 4.6 Summary 4.7 Key Words 4.8 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 4.9 Further Readings UNIT 5 ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY AND SOCIAL AUDIT 57-70 5.0 Introduction 5.1 Objectives 5.2 Definition and Role of Civil Society 5.3 Social Audit: Definition 5.3.1 Scope and Benefits of Social Audit 5.3.2 Social Audit Methodology 5.4 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 5.5 Summary 5.6 Key Words 5.7 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 5.8 Further Readings BLOCK III: OPENNESS AND TRANSPERANCY UNIT 6 OPENNESS AND RIGHT TO INFORMATION 71-85 6.0 Introduction 6.1 Objectives 6.2 Importance of Openness and Right to Information 6.3 Emergence of the RTI Act in India: Key Contents 6.3.1 Scope of the RTI Act 6.3.2 Shortcomings of the RTI Act 6.4 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 6.5 Summary 6.6 Key Words 6.7 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 6.8 Further Readings UNIT 7 CITIZEN'S CHARTER: EVOLUTION AND EXPERIENCE IN INDIA 86-99 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Objectives 7.2 Citizen’s Charter: An International Perspective 7.2.1 Need for Citizen’s Charter 7.2.2 Objectives of the Citizen’s Charter 7.2.3 Process of Implementation of the Citizen’s Charter 7.2.4 Shortcomings of the Citizen’s Charter 7.3 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 7.4 Summary 7.5 Key Words 7.6 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 7.7 Further Readings UNIT 8 PRESSURE AND INTEREST GROUPS 100-113 8.0 Introduction 8.1 Objectives 8.2 Meaning and Definition of Pressure Groups 8.3 Classification and Features of Pressure Groups 8.4 Meaning, Definition, Classification and Features of Interest Groups 8.4.1 Techniques Adopted by Pressure Groups and Interest Groups 8.4.2 Difference between Pressure and Interest Groups 8.5 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 8.6 Summary 8.7 Key Words 8.8 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 8.9 Further Readings BLOCK IV: GOOD GOVERNANCE UNIT 9 INTRODUCTION TO GOOD GOVERNANCE 114-125 9.0 Introduction 9.1 Objectives 9.2 Concepts, Features and Characteristics of Good Governance 9.3 Importance and Applications of Good Governance in India 9.4 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 9.5 Summary 9.6 Key Words 9.7 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 9.8 Further Readings UNIT 10 CONCEPT AND APPLICATION OF GOOD GOVERNANCE 126-138 10.0 Introduction 10.1 Objectives 10.2 Concept of Good Governance 10.3 Applications of Good Governance 10.4 Parameters of Good Governance 10.5 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 10.6 Summary 10.7 Key Words 10.8 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 10.9 Further Readings UNIT 11 E-GOVERNANCE: CONCEPTS AND SUCCESS STORY IN INDIA 139-153 11.0 Introduction 11.1 Objectives 11.2 Difference between E-Government and E-Governance 11.2.1 Methods to Implement to E-Governance 11.2.2 Types of Relations between E-Governance and the General Public 11.3 E-Governance: Definition and Meaning 11.3.1 E-Governance in India 11.3.2 Implications of E-Governance 11.4 Answers to Check Your Progress Questions 11.5 Summary 11.6 Key Words 11.7 Self Assessment Questions and Exercises 11.8 Further Readings BLOCK V: ANTI-CORRUPTION AND REDRESSAL MECHANISM UNIT 12 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK TO CHECK CORRUPTION IN INDIA 154-166 12.0 Introduction 12.1 Objectives 12.2 Meaning and Definition of Corruption 12.3 Corruption in India 12.3.1 Reasons for Corruption in India 12.3.2 Consequences of Corruption 12.3.3 Legal Machinery to Check Corruption in India 12.4 Answers to Check