GeologicalGeological Heritage:Heritage: ItsIts ConservationConservation andand ManagementManagement Editors: D. Barettino W. A. P. Wimbledon E. Gallego ProGEO Instituto Tecnológico GeoMinero de España Sociedad Geológica INTERNATIONAL UNION European Association de España (Comisión de OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES for the Conservation of Patrimonio Geológico) Geosites Working Group the Geological Heritage Cover page photograph: Formación Mosqueruela. Geological Park of Aliaga (Teruel, Spain) Author: J.L. Simón NIPO: 405-00-002-8 ISBN: 84-7840-417-1 Depósito Legal: M-50019-2000 Editor: ©Instituto Tecnológico Geominero de España Composed by: Inforama, S.A. Printed by: Grafistaff, S.L. PRINTED IN SPAIN This book contains the lectures presented in the III International Symposium ProGEO on the Conservation of the Geological Heritage, held in Madrid (Spain) from November 23-25th., 1999, as well as its conclusions. HonoraryHonoraty CommitteeCommittee Presidencia de Honor S.A.R. El Príncipe de Asturias Excmo. Sr. D. Josep Piqué i Camps Ministro de Industria y Energía y Portavoz del Gobierno Excmo. Sr. D. Mariano Rajoy Brey Ministro de Educación y Cultura Excma. Sra. Dña. Isabel Tocino Biscarolasaga Ministra de Medio Ambiente Excmo. Sr. D. Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón Jiménez Presidente del Consejo de Gobierno de la Comunidad de Madrid Excmo. Sr. D. Pedro Sanz Alonso Presidente del Consejo de Gobierno de la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja Excmo. Sr. D. Santiago Lanzuela Marina Presidente de la Diputación de Aragón Excmo. Sr. D. Juan José Lucas Giménez Presidente de la Junta de la Comunidad de Castilla y León Excmo. Sr. D. Benigno Blanco Rodríguez Secretario de Estado de Aguas y Costas Illmo. Sr. D. Emilio Custodio Gimena Director General del Instituto Tecnológico Geominero de España 5 ScientificScientific CommitteeCommittee Chairmen Gonggrijp, Gerard (The Netherlands) Prof. Todor Todorov Gumiel, Pablo (Spain) (President of ProGEO) Heredia, Nemesio (Spain) Prof. Angel García Cortés Karis, Lars (Sweden) (Deputy Director for Geology and Lago, Marceliano (Spain)) Basic Techniques, ITGE) Look, Ernst (Germany) López-Martínez, Jerónimo (Spain) Members Martín Serrano, Angel (Spain) Agueda, José (Spain) Meléndez, Guillermo (Spain) Alcalá Luis (Spain) Mijovic, Dusan (Yugoslavia) Alexandrowicz, Zofia (Poland) Nakov, Radoslav (Bulgaria) Azanza, Beatriz (Spain) Ordóñez, Salvador (Spain) Barettino, Daniel (Spain) Pallí, Lluis (Spain) Bellido, Félix (Spain) Pérez-González, Alfredo (Spain) Burlando, Maurizio (Italy) Pérez-Lorente, Félix (Spain) Calvo, José Pedro (Spain) Rábano, Isabel (Spain) Carreras, Jordi (Spain) Raudsep, Rein (Estonia) Cendrero, Antonio (Spain) Sanz, Eugenio (Spain) Drandaki, Irene (Greece) Satkunas, Jonas (Lithuania) Durán, Juan José (Spain) Simón, José Luis (Spain) Erikstad, Lars (Norway) Suominen, Veli (Finland) Gallego, Ernesto (Spain) Wimbledon, W.A.P (United Kingdom) Gerasimenko, Natalia (Ukraine) Zarlenga, Francesco (Italy) 6 OrganizingOrganizing CommitteeCommittee Chairman: Daniel Barettino Deputy Chairman: Félix Pérez-Lorente Secretary: Mercedes Vallejo Members: Beatriz Azanza Ernesto Gallego Guillermo Meléndez Jaime Palacio Alfredo Pérez-González José Luis Simón 7 Organizers,Organizers, SponsorsSponsors andand CollaboratingCollaborating EntitiesEntities Organized by: ITGE. Instituto Tecnológico Geominero de España. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (Spanish Geo-mining Technological Institute, Ministry of the Environment). ProGEO. European Association for the Conservation of the Geological Heritage. SGE. Sociedad Geológica de España (Comisión de Patrimonio Geológico) (Spanish Geological Society (Commission for the Geological Heritage). Sponsored by: Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (Inter-ministerial Commission for Science and Technology) Fundación ENRESA (Foundation ENRESA) Consejería de Educación y Cultura. Comunidad de Madrid (Department for Education and Culture. Community of Madrid) Consejería de Educación y Cultura. Junta de Castilla y Léon (Department for Education and Culture. Council of Castilla y León) Instituto Aragonés de Fomento (Aragonese Institute for Development) Fundación Patrimonio Paleontológico de La Rioja (Foundation for the Palaeontological Heritage of La Rioja) IUGS. International Union of Geological Sciences (Geosites Working Group) Instituto de Estudios Riojanos (Institute of Studies on La Rioja) 9 Universidad de Zaragoza (University of Zaragoza) Instituo de Estudios Turolenses (Institute of Studies on Teruel) Centro de Estudios Sorianos (Institute of Studies on Soria) SEGAOT. Sociedad Española de Geología Ambiental y Ordenación del Territorio (Spanish Society of Environmental Geology and Land Planning) With collaboration from: Universidad de la Rioja (University of La Rioja) SEPGYM. Sociedad Española para la Defensa del Patrimonio Geológico y Minero (Spanish Society for the Protection of the Geological and Mining Heritage) Sociedad Española de Geomorfología (Spanish Geomorphological Society) Sociedad Española de Paleontología (Spanish Palaentological Society) AEQUA. Asociación Española para el Estudio del Cuaternario (Spanish Association for the Study of the Quaternary) Sociedad Española de la Ciencia del Suelo (Spanish Society for Soil Science) 10 SummarySummary PROLOGUE ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 13 LEGISLATION AND INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS: THE INTEGRATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN NATURE CONSERVATION POLICIES P.R. Dingwall ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 15 PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT FOR GEOCONSERVATION G.P. Gonggrijp ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 29 INVENTORY AND CATALOGUING OF SPAIN’S GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE. AN HISTORICAL REVIEW AND PROPOSALS FOR THE FUTURE Ángel García-Cortés, Daniel Barettino, Ernesto Gallego ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 47 GEOSITES - AN IUGS INITIATIVE: SCIENCE SUPPORTED BY CONSERVATION W.A.P. Wimbledon, A.A. Ishchenko, N.P. Gerasimenko, L.O. Karis, V. Suominen, C.E. Johansson, C. Freden ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 69 GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE, AN ESSENTIAL PART OF THE INTEGRAL MANAGEMENT OF WORLD HERITAGE IN PROTECTED SITES J. Carreras, E. Druguet~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 95 NO CONSERVATION WITHOUT EDUCATION I. Theodossiou-Drandaki~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 111 EUROPEAN ‘GEOTOURISM’ - GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION AND GEOCONSERVATION PROMOTION FOR TOURISTS Thomas A. Hose ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 127 GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE AND GEO-TOURISM Guy Martini ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 147 ITALIAN NATIONAL ACTIONS FOR NATURE PRESERVATION AND GEOLOGICAL SITES M. D’Andrea, F. Zarlenga ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 157 11 EXPERIENCES OF GEOCONSERVATION IN LA RIOJA (SPAIN) Félix Pérez-Lorente ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 165 PROTECTING THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL HERITAGE IN SPAIN: PUBLIC AWARENESS AND LEGISLATION, AND THE ROLE OF THE SPANISH PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY Guillermo Meléndez, Celia Soria-Llop ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 185 CONCLUSIONS OF THE III INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ProGEO ON THE CONSERVATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 203 IIIRD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE CONSERVATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE, MADRID - DECLARATION ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 209 12 ProloguePrólogo This book rounds off the publications that have come from the III International Symposium ProGEO on the Conservation of the Geological Heritage, held in Madrid in November of 1999, and organized by the Geological Survey of Spain (ITGE), the European Association for the Conservation of Geological Heritage (ProGEO) and the Geological Society of Spain (SGE), under the auspices of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). The conference gathered 180 participating members from 35 different countries, who presented more than 90 communications and 11 invited lectures; the event turned out to be a suitable setting for the exchange of knowledge and experiences, as well as a forum for debate from a real and global perspective, facing and discussing all aspects of the protection and conservation of our geological heritage. At a point close to the beginning of a new millennium, the geoconservation community is evolving, passing from discussions about which geological elements are worthy of conservation towards considering how they should be protected in the framework of modern strategies for sustainable development. It is now that geological heritage planning and management may become a truly important integrated part of natural heritage conservation, capable of many and diverse uses: scientific, educational and training, touristic and recreational. Therefore, with the aim of discussing all aspects of the conservation and management of our geoheritage, the symposium was arranged in six thematic sessions. These thematic sessions were the following: legislation, planning and management for geoconservation; inventory and cataloguing of the geological heritage; the geological heritage in the framework of the integrated management of protected areas; educational and interpretative activities; geological heritage and tourism; and experiences in geoconservation in southern and south-western Europe. Each of these sessions was initiated with the presentation of one or more keynote lectures, given by experts