University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Civil Engineering ETDs Engineering ETDs Fall 11-7-2017 Comprehensive Evaluation of Rutting Performance of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Ivan Syed University of New Mexico - Main Campus Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Syed, Ivan. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Rutting Performance of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures." (2017). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ce_etds/187 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Engineering ETDs at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Civil Engineering ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ivan Anwar Syed Candidate Civil Engineering Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Dr. Rafiqul A. Tarefder, Chairperson Dr. John C. Stormont Dr. Tang-Tat Ng i COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF RUTTING PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES by IVAN ANWAR SYED B.S., CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO, 2014 THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Civil Engineering The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico December, 2017 ii DEDICATIONS This thesis is dedicated to my family, Lenore Syed, Anwar Aziz, & Allen Syed For their endless love, support, and inspiration iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Rafiqul A. Tarefder, my Advisor and MS thesis Committee Chair, for the inestimable guidance, enthusiasm and support throughout the development of this thesis. This study was jointly funded by the New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) and the Southern Plains Transportation Center (SPTC). I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to the members of the Project Technical Panel, Project Advocate, Jeff Mann and the Project Manager, David Hadwiger. I would like to thank my thesis committee for their valuable suggestions and advice pertaining to this study. I would like to express my gratitude to my colleagues Asif, Mithila, Faisal, Mohiuddin, Amanul, Biswajit, Zafrul, Gauhar, Mehedi, Mesbah, and Matias for their support during the last two years. Finally, I would like to thank my parents and brother, Allen Syed, for their constant support and motivation. iv COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF RUTTING POTENTIAL OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES by IVAN ANWAR SYED B.S., Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, 2014 M.S., Civil Engineering, University of New Mexico, 2017 ABSTRACT Rutting is the permanent deformation along the wheel paths of an asphalt pavement caused by repeated traffic loading. It is considered as one of the primary distresses of asphalt pavements. Recently, Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device (HWTD) has shown to measure the rutting performance of an asphalt mixture in the laboratory. In this study, this device has been used to measure rutting of asphalt concrete (AC) and relate them with the mixture’s dynamic modulus. To this end, the rut deformation of AC mixtures were modeled in this study using a semi-empirical |E*|-based rut predictive model based on the HWTD rut depth data of 25 mixes. This model utilizes creep compliance (D(t)) interconverted from laboratory tested DM (|E*|) results to predict rut depth. The model provides a fairly good prediction of AC rutting performance. Despite the fact that asphalt binder make up 4 to 8% of a pavement mix structure, it provides a level of rigidity and structural bonding which holds the total pavement mixture v together as a solid body. However, with higher traffic densities, binder flows and dissipates energy. As a result, pavement rutting at high temperatures occur due to thermal susceptibility of asphalt. In this study, the binder’s contribution to rutting performance was assessed based on the evaluation of rheological rut properties of five warm mix modified mixtures. For this purpose, Frequency Sweep (FS), Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), and Zero Shear Viscosity (ZSV) tests were conducted on extracted binders using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) device at a 50°C temperature to determine binder rut parameters. In this study, five widely used rheological rut parameters are examined: the Superpave® rutting parameter (G*/sinδ), Shenoy parameter (G*/(1-(1/sinδ.tanδ))), Zero Shear Viscosity (η0), Non-recoverable Creep Compliance (Jnr), and Percent Recovery (%R). Comparing these rheological rut parameters and HWDT results, it was found that warm mix modified mixtures exhibited increased rutting resistance compared to the control hot-mix asphalt. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ x LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1 ....................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Problem Statement ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Hypotheses ........................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Hypothesis 1.................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 Hypothesis 2.................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Research Objectives ............................................................................................. 4 1.4 Organization of Thesis ......................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................................... 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Rutting – Pavement Distress ................................................................................ 6 2.2 Rutting Performance as a Function of Dynamic Modulus ................................... 9 2.3 Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies ...................................................................... 11 2.4 Evaluation of Rutting Resistance Properties of WMA ...................................... 14 CHAPTER 3 ..................................................................................................................... 16 MATERIALS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY .......................................... 16 3.1 Material Source and Classification .................................................................... 16 3.2 Experimental Testing Plan ................................................................................. 21 3.2.1 Relating |E*| with HWTD .......................................................................... 22 3.2.2 Evaluation of extracted binder properties ................................................... 30 3.3 Testing Methodology and Equipment ................................................................ 31 3.3.1 Dynamic modulus ....................................................................................... 32 3.3.2 Hamburg-wheel track tester (HWTD) ........................................................ 35 3.3.3 Specimen preparation of cylindrical AC..................................................... 40 3.3.4 Extraction and recovery of asphalt binders ................................................. 47 3.3.5 Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) ................................................................ 51 vii 3.3.6 Frequency sweep test .................................................................................. 53 3.3.7 Zero shear viscosity (ZSV) based on burger’s model ................................. 54 3.3.8 Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR)................................................... 55 CHAPTER 4 ..................................................................................................................... 59 MIXTURE PERFORMANCE TEST RESULTS AND ANALYSIS .............................. 59 4.1 HWTD – Rutting Performance .......................................................................... 59 4.1.1 Binder performance grades’ influence on rutting performance .................. 60 4.1.2 Air void contents’ influence on rutting performance .................................. 63 4.1.3 HWTD mixture rankings ............................................................................ 66 4.2 Dynamic Modulus Test Results ......................................................................... 67 4.2.1 Dynamic modulus test mixture rankings .................................................... 69 CHAPTER 5 ..................................................................................................................... 71 DEVELOPMENT OF MODIFIED |E*|-BASED RUTTING PERFORMANCE PREDICTIVE MODEL ...................................................................................................