Stanfordof Journal Volume 7 | 2017 - 2018 F R O S T Public Health AMPHITHEATRE LITTLEFIELD CENTER K N I G H T B D G . S A P P LEARNING CENTER T H E E A S T L AT H R O P SCIENCE TEACHING & W E S T O V A L G R O V E L I B R A R Y O V A L G R O V E O V A L M E M O R I A L A U D I T O R I U M H E R R I N L A B S H E R R I N H A L L P A L M D R I V E SERRA MALL D O H R M A N N G R O V E LOU HENRY ART GALLERY HOOVER M AT H H I S T O R Y BUILDING C O R N E R C O R N E R LASUEN MALL H O O V E R T O W E R M E M O R I A L C O U R T H. HOOVER DAVID & JOAN MEM. BUILDING TRAITEL BUILDING G R E E N M A I N Q U A D L I B R A R Y M E M O R I A L C H U R C H Figure 1. A map of intersections and all known biking accidents on Stanford campus. AMPHITHEATREFROST S A P P LITTLEFIELD CENTER LEARNING CENTER SCIENCE TEACHING & W E S T O V A L G R O V E HERRIN LABS KNIGHT THE BDG. OVAL HERRIN E A S T O V A L G R O V E HALL LATHROP LIBRARY MEMORIAL P A AUDITORIUM SERRAAn Undergraduate MALLL M Publication D R VolumeI V E 7 Spring 2018 MATH CORNER sjph.stanford.edu D O H R M A N N MEMORIAL HISTORY GROVE COURT CORNER ART GALLERY LASUEN MALL LOU HENRY HOOVER HOOVER BUILDING M A I N Q U A D TOWER DAVID & JOAN TRAITEL BUILDING H. HOOVER MEM. BUILDING 1 GREEN LIBRARY MEMORIAL CHURCH Editor-in-Chief Michelle Bach SJPH Editor-in-Chief Aprotim Cory Bhowmik Editor-in-Chief Lauren Killingsworth Layout Editors Lillian Liao, Abigail Zuckerman STAFF Website Manager Nick Shankar Section Editor Harika Kottakota Section Editor Julia Doody Section Editor Pretom Shome Section Editor Hannah Llorin Assoc. Editor Isabela Bumanlag Assoc. Editor Mahima Krishnamoorthi Assoc. Editor Anima Shrestha Assoc. Editor Zoe Lee-Chiong Assoc. Editor Neha Sidhu Assoc. Editor Angela Xu Assoc. Editor Derek Chen Section Editor Melodyanne Cheng Section Editor Jana Kholy Section Editor Kim Ngo Section Editor Kate Watkins Assoc. Editor Alizeh Ahmad Assoc. Editor Leila Abdelrahaman Assoc. Editor Richa Wadekar Assoc. Editor Sharon Huang Assoc. Editor Janice Zhang Assoc. Editor Caroline Zha Assoc. Editor Alex Maben with special support from... Stanford Activites and Leadership (SAL) Stanford University Department of Human Biology 2 A LETTER FROM THE EDITORS Thank you for joining us for the seventh issue of the Stanford Journal of Public Health (SJPH)! We are incredibly excited to share with you a wide variety of pieces, written by students at Stanford and around the country, that showcase diverse approaches to some of today’s most pressing public health challenges. In this issue, we are fortunate to feature a great diversity of subjects, divided into four broadly defined cat- egories: Experience, Investigation, Policy, and Research. We invite you to read about different cultural views of childbirth and the resulting struggles that women endure, to dive into studies of nicotine addiction and neurodegenerative diseases, and to work through the mathematics of developing spaces that might keep people safe from mass shootings. We encourage you to learn about how socioeconomic status affects the field of medicine, from clinical trials to mental health care. It goes without saying that even an aliquot of topics above is especially relevant in today’s political climate. Our government does not provide equitable healthcare to women, LGBTQ+ communities, and people of col- or. Mental health care is still an aspect of medicine that is not being sufficiently supported by the government and is heavily stigmatized by many communities. And the tragedy of gun violence and mass shootings is now becoming a common occurrence. We do, however, have reason to hope. We are seeing a rise in the number of young people who are instigating change. Reading, writing, and sharing are vital in this process, and we are happy to see that so many people are doing those things with SJPH. With this kind of support, we hope that we see positive change in the near future, and we would love for you to continue reading to support those who are trying to be part of this im- portant conversation. Before leaving you to the stories that follow, we would like to thank all of the students, faculty, and staff who support this journal and seek to educate and learn about public health. We are especially grateful to The Pro- gram in Human Biology and Student Activities and Leadership (SAL) at Stanford for their continued support. And of course, we would like to thank the SJPH staff for their passionate, diligent work to make this publica- tion possible. We welcome any questions, comments, or concerns that you might have, and we invite you to contact us at [email protected]. We hope you enjoy the pieces as much as we did. Warm Regards, Michelle S. Bach ‘19 Aprotim C. Bhowmik ‘18 Lauren Killingsworth ‘18 3 THE EDITORS Michelle Bach is a junior from Dallas, Texas. This will be her second year serving as the Edi- tor-In-Chief of Stanford Journal of Public Health. She is interested in infectious diseases and global health. She is currently involved in Pacific Free Clinic and conducts research at the School of Medicine. Michelle is a huge foodie, and loves to swim, travel, and sing during her free time. Michelle is excited to work with the editorial staff this year to produce the annual SJPH publication. Aprotim “Cory” Bhowmik is a senior majoring in Electrical Engineering and pursuing a ca- reer in medicine. He does research in computational neuroscience, by applying algorithms from signal processing and machine learning to analyze neural signals. More specifically, he is analyzing EEG signals to better understand anesthetic states in patients. Cory also serves as the Co-President of HELP4Kids, an organization that teaches health education to middle school students in Redwood City, CA. He is also an RA in a dorm and a TA in chemistry and mathematics courses at Stanford. In his spare time, Cory enjoys watching soccer, eating dark chocolate, and drinking coffee. Lauren Killingsworth is a senior from Mill Valley, CA studying Biology and History. Lauren is particularly interested in studying molecular mechanisms of disease and conducts struc- tural biology research on proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. She is passion- ate about global health and educational equity. She enjoys mentoring high school seniors though the Phoenix Scholars program, studying historical cartography, and getting outdoors. LAYOUT EDITOR Lillian Liao is a Master’s student in Epidemiology and Clinical Research passionate about identifying health disparities through population health research and addressing them through sustainable community engagement. She is also interested in identifying areas of improvement in public health and using modeling to simulate potential interventions. In her spare time, Lillian enjoys dancing, playing the violin, and exploring the world. She will attending medical school at Columbia University College of Physician and Surgeons this up- coming fall. WEBSITE MANAGER Nick Shankar is a sophomore studying Economics with a focus on health care policy in the developing world. Nick is currently a research assistant at the Stanford Center on Global Pov- erty and Development and is involved in the Stanford Global Health Student Council. Dedi- cated to advancing equality of opportunity through access to affordable and quality health care, Nick actively works towards a deeper understanding of how health care systems can be changed to be more effective, efficient, and sustainable. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS POLICY EXPERIENCE Sacrificing the Poor to Heal the Wealthy My Ethiopian Awakening: Exploring a Land of In- credible Potential Redeat Gebeyehu, pp. 7-11 Ascabana Tadesse Habtamu, pp. 44-45 Addressing Lead Exposure Among Foreign-Born Youth in Baltimore City Through Social Policy A View from Behind the Cash Register Raihan Kabir, pp. 12-15 Ivory Loh, pp. 46-50 The Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in Men- “Fighting” Breast Cancer Rhetoric: The Role of the tal Health Care War Metaphor in Breast Cancer Patient Narrative Karolina Sadowska, pp. 16-18 Pedro Gallardo, pp. 51-56 INVESTIGATION RESEARCH An Anthropological Study of Medical Care in the Can You Read This Label? Design Strategies for Canadian Arctic Prescription Medication Information Nathaniel Hansen, pp. 20-25 Gabby Macias, pp. 58-60 Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders: Towards The Weight of Birth Detailed Pathophysiology and Precision Medicine Sabrina Jiang, pp. 61-69 Katie Gu, pp. 26-35 Fleeing from Terror: Considering Safety When De- “A Bullet in My Blood”: Genetic Predispositions for signing Public Spaces in the Age of Mass Murder Nicotine Addiction and Implications for Smoking Prevention and Cessation Interventions Nic Fishman, pp. 70-83 Angela Lee, p. 36-42 5 POLICY 6 SJ Sacrificing the Poor to Heal the Wealthy PH The Reality of Clinical Trials Conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa Redeat Gebeyehu Herman Shaw was a young humble man who lived up to its ideals, when our nation broke the trust… on a small plot of land and took pride in farming from did something that was wrong, deeply, profoundly, dusk till dawn to provide for his wife and two kids.