MANAGEMENT PLAN January 2015 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SAZANI ISLAND, ALBANIA Pere TOMÀS-VIVES Consultant to the Conservatoire du littoral In partnership with : With the support of : CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 AUTHOR AND CITATION ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 THE CONSERVATOIRE DU LITTORAL AND THE PIM INITIATIVE ....................................................................................................... 6 CURRENT PROJECTS IN COOPERATION WITH ALBANIAN ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................... 6 CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 THE PRINCIPLES OF A MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................................................................... 7 FRAMEWORK FOR THE PREPARATION OF A MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SAZANI ISLAND ................................................................ 7 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 PART 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES .................................................................................................................................................. 9 1.2. CURRENT LEGAL STATUS ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 1.4. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 17 1.4.1. CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 17 1.4.2. GEOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 18 1.5. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................................................... 19 1.5.1. FLORA AND VEGETATION .............................................................................................................................................. 19 1.5.2. FAUNA ........................................................................................................................................................................... 27 1.6. THE HUMAN USES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS ............................................................................................................ 35 1.6.1. HISTORY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE .............................................................................................................................. 35 1.6.2. CURRENT HUMAN USES AND STAKEHOLDERS .............................................................................................................. 37 1.6.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES, INCLUDING LAND TENURE ............................................................................................ 37 1.6.4. HUMAN-INDUCED IMPACTS .......................................................................................................................................... 37 1.6.5. EXISTING FACILITIES AND CURRENT VISITOR USE ......................................................................................................... 43 1.6.6. CURRENT GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 43 PART 2. EVALUATION OF THE AREA AND ASSESMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................. 44 2.1. ASSESSMENT OF VALUES ....................................................................................................................................................... 44 2.1.1. ECOLOGICAL VALUES ..................................................................................................................................................... 45 2.1.2. CULTURAL VALUES ........................................................................................................................................................ 46 2.1.3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUES ............................................................................................................................................ 46 2.2. ASSESSMENT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................. 47 2.3. ASSESSMENT OF THREATS AND PRESSURES .......................................................................................................................... 48 PAST THREATS AND PRESSURES .............................................................................................................................................. 48 PRESENT THREATS AND PRESSURES ........................................................................................................................................ 48 POTENTIAL AND FUTURE THREATS AND PRESSURES .............................................................................................................. 48 INTERNAL ISSUES AND EXTERNALITIES.................................................................................................................................... 49 PART 3. MANAGEMENT PROPOSALS ........................................................................................................................................ 50 3.1. VISION OF SAZANI AS A PROTECTED AREA AND OBJECTIVES OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................. 50 3.1.1. VISION AND GOALS OF THE PROTECTED AREA.............................................................................................................. 50 3.1.2. GENERAL AND SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................. 51 3.2. MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT ZONES ........................................................................................... 53 3.2.1. RATIONALE FOR PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................................... 53 3.2.2. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................... 54 3.2.3. PROPOSED MANAGEMENT ZONES ................................................................................................................................ 55 3.2.4. PROPOSED GENERAL REGULATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 62 3.3. MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMES AND ACTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 64 Management plan for Sazani island, Albania January 2015 2/100 PRE-REQUISIT : INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP, ADMINISTRATION AND GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME ............................................ 64 2. CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION PROGRAMME ............................................................................................................ 67 3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ...................................................................................................................... 71 4. RESEARCH, MONITORING AND TRAINING COURSES PROGRAM ......................................................................................... 73 5. VALORIZATION OF THE SITE, EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMME .......................................................... 78 6. CAPACITY BUILDING PROGRAMME ..................................................................................................................................... 81 3.4. WORK PROGRAM .................................................................................................................................................................. 84 PART 4. MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................. 94 4.1. ANNUAL PLANNING: ANNUAL WORK PLANS AND ANNUAL BUDGETS .................................................................................. 94 4.2. ANNUAL REPORTS ................................................................................................................................................................. 95 4.3.