Metropolitan Municipality of Bursa Research and Projects Department Healthy Cities Project Office Study Executives Nalan FİDAN Emel İRGİL Handan TÜRKOĞLU Prepared for Publication By Ercüment Yılmaz Mehtap Taşkıran Emine Ot Graphic Design Burak TAŞKIN Cover Design Talha BIYIK Published by 0224 251 18 00 ISBN 978-605-61689-2-5 BURSA CITY HEATH PROFILE 2011 SECTION I............................................................................................................................... 7 THE NAME OF GREEN“ BURSA”.......................................................................................... 8 BURSA THROUGHOUT THE HISTORY..................................................................................... 12 GENERAL INFORMATION ON BURSA..................................................................................... 14 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION.................................................................................................... 14 CLIMATE................................................................................................................................. 14 DISTRICTS............................................................................................................................... 14 SECTION II ............................................................................................................................. 16 1. POPULATION ...................................................................................................................... 17 1.1. POPULATION DENSITY.................................................................................................... 17 1.2. DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER.......................... 17 1.3 POPULATION AND MIGRATION....................................................................................... 19 1.4. BIRTHS............................................................................................................................ 22 1.4.1. FERTILITY..................................................................................................................... 22 1.4.1.1. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FERTILITY.................................................................... 22 1.5. DEATHS........................................................................................................................... 24 1.5.1. DEATHS ACCORDONG TO AGE AND GENDER............................................................. 24 1.5.2 INFANT DEATHS........................................................................................................... 26 1.5.3. REASONS OF DEATH..................................................................................................... 26 1.6. POPULATION PROJECTIONS........................................................................................... 28 2. HEALTH.............................................................................................................................. 31 2.1. HEALTH SERVICES......................................................................................................... 31 2.2. PRESENTATION OF HEALTH SERVICES........................................................................ 32 2.2.1. DENTAL HEALTH......................................................................................................... 34 2.2.2. WOMEN HEALTH SERVICES....................................................................................... 34 2.2.3. INFANT HEALTH SERVICES........................................................................................ 35 2.2.3.1 VACINE COVERAGE RATE FOR BABIES AND INFANTS (MEASLES, RUBELLA, MUMPS VACCINE)........................................................................... 36 2.2.4. EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICES............................................................................... 36 2.2.4.1. DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF CASES BY YEARS AND BY MONTHS..................... 36 2.3. DISEASES........................................................................................................................ 38 index 2.5. MEDICINE AND PHARMACEUTICS................................................................................ 43 02 BURSA CITY HEALTH PROFILE 3. FACTORS HAVING EFECT ON LIFE STYLE ...................................................................... 44 3.1 TOBACCO....................................................................................................................... 44 3.2 ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION............................................................................................. 45 3.3 NARCOTIC CONSUPTION............................................................................................. 45 3.4 SPORTS........................................................................................................................... 47 3.5. DISABLED PEOPLE......................................................................................................... 49 3.6. CONDITIONS FOR HOUSING........................................................................................... 51 4. SOCIO-ECONOMICAL SITUATION..................................................................................... 53 4.1 EDUCATION....................................................................................................................... 53 4.1.1. METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY FREE VOCATIONAL COURSES................................. 54 4.2 ECONOMY, EMPLOYMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME.......................................... 56 4.2.1 EMPLOYMENT................................................................................................................ 56 4.2.2 DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME AND EXPENSES................................................................ 59 4.2.3 EKONOMİ...................................................................................................................... 59 5. CULTURE AND TOURISM................................................................................................... 60 5.1 HISTORY OF BURSA........................................................................................................ 60 5.2 SYMBOLS OF BURSA....................................................................................................... 60 5.3 MUSEUMS AND RUINS.................................................................................................... 61 5.4 MOSQUES AND TOMBS ................................................................................................... 62 5.5 KHANS.............................................................................................................................. 62 5.6 CASTLES AND BRIDGES.................................................................................................. 63 5.7 MUSEUMS ....................................................................................................................... 64 5.8 CINEMAS AND THEATRES............................................................................................... 64 5.9 LIBRARIES ...................................................................................................................... 64 5.10. CULTURE AND ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES........................................................................... 66 5.11. TOURISM......................................................................................................................... 66 index 03 BURSA CITY HEALTH PROFILE 6. INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT...................................................................... 68 6.1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES.................................................................... 68 6.2 DRINKING WATER SOURCES....................................................................................... 69 6.2.1. DOĞANCI DAM (% 82)............................................................................................... 69 6.2.2. FOUNTAIN SOURCES (% 12)..................................................................................... 69 6.2.3. UNDERGROUND WATER (%12)................................................................................. 69 6.3. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT..................................................................................... 73 6.3.1. ERECTION AND MONITORING OF DISPOSAL AREAS............................................... 75 6.3.2. COLLECTION AND STORAGE OF WASTE BATTARIES............................................... 75 6.4. SPECIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.................................................................................. 75 6.4.1. ERECTION AND MONITORING OF DISPOSAL AREAS ............................................... 75 6.4.2. COLLECTION AND STORAGE OF WASTE BATTARIES............................................... 75 6.4.3. STUDIES ON WASTE OIL CONTROL MANAGEMENT ................................................. 75 6.4.4. STUDIES ON WASTE VEGETABLE OIL CONTROL MANAGEMENT............................. 75 6.4.5. STUDIES ON EXPIRED TIRES CONTROL MANAGEMENT.......................................... 75 6.4.6. STUDIES ON PACKAGING WASTES CONTROL MANAGEMENT............................... 76 6.4.7. STUDIES ON HAZARDOUS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT.................... 76 6.5. CONTROLS AND AUDITS ON AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION .................................... 76 6.5.1. NOISE POLLUTION ................................................................................................... 76 6.5.2. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ....................................................................................