FamiliesProfiling Canada’s Count families The Vanier Institute of the Family seeks to create awareness of, and to provide leadership on, the importance and strengths of families in Canada and the challenges they face in all of their structural, demographic, economic, cultural and social diversity. To this end, the institute develops and implements on an annual basis, a program of activities that establishes and maintains a foundation of accurate and current knowledge on family trends and issues as well as public policy and program analysis. Vanier institute of the family 94 Centrepointe drive ottawa, ontario K2g 6B1 (613) 228-8500 www.vifamily.ca Copyright © 2010 The Vanier institute of the family readers are free to reprint parts of this publication as background for conferences, seminars, classroom use with appropriate credit to The Vanier Institute of the Family. Citation in editorial copy for newsprint, radio and television is permitted. However, all other rights are reserved and therefore no other use will be permitted in whole or in part without written permission from The Vanier institute of the family. library and archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication families count : profiling Canada’s families iV. issued also in french under title: la famille compte Previous ed. published under title: Profiling Canada’s families III. includes bibliographical references. ISBn 978-0-919520-83-7 1. family--Canada. 2. family—Canada--statistics. i. Vanier institute of the family II. Title: Profiling Canada’s families iV. HQ560.f28 2010 306.850971 C2010-905467-9 We acknowledge the financial support of the government of Canada through the department of Canadian Heritage, support for interpretation and Translation program. Canadian Patrimoine Heritage canadien Patrimoine Canadian canadien Heritage FamiliesProfiling Canada’s IV Count families the vanier institute of the family ii | families count: profiling canada’s families iv the vanier institute of the family Table of Contents Introduction: Why Families Count . xi Acknowledgements . xiv Family and Social Memory: Why History Matters, by eric W. sager . xvi Technical Note . xx Part I – Canada’s Families: Who They Are . 1 1 . Canada’s People, Canada’s Families . 2 Canada’s population living in private households and collective dwellings (2006) Percentage distribution of total population in private households and collective dwellings, by Province/Territory (2006) 2 . Recent Increase in Number of Births . 4 Total births (1946-2008) Births and fertility over time, by Province/Territory 3 . Canada’s Aging Population . 6 Canadian population – Percentage distribution by age group (1951-2007) age structure of population, by Province/Territory (2007) 4 . Canadian Families and Disability . 8 disability rate by age group (2001-2006) Prevalence of disabilities by type of disability (2006) 5 . Growing Aboriginal Population . .10 aboriginal and non-aboriginal population by age group (2006) aboriginal identity population, by Province/Territory (2006) 6 . Immigrant Population on the Rise . .12 foreign-born population as a percentage of total population (1911-2006) foreign-born population as a percentage of total population, by Province/Territory (1911-2006) 7 . Greater Racial and Ethnic Diversity . .14 number and share of persons from visible minority groups (1981-2006) Visible minority population as a percentage of total population, by Province/Territory (2001-2006) 8 . Many Languages Spoken . .16 languages spoken (2006) languages spoken, by Province/Territory (2006) 9 . Faith and Family . .18 religious practice, population aged 15 and over (2002) Percentage distribution of population by religious affiliation, by Province/Territory (2001) importance of religion to one’s life – percentage distribution, by region (2002) families count: profiling canada’s families iv | iii the vanier institute of the family 10 . High Levels of Educational Attainment . .20 Percentage distribution of university graduates by age group and sex (2006) Percentage distribution of persons aged 25-64 by highest certificate, diploma or degree, by Province/Territory (2006) 11 . Changing Urban / Rural Divide . .22 Population of all Census metropolitan areas and the rest of Canada (1986-2007) 12 . Families on the Move . .24 Population aged 5 years and older who changed place of residence between 2001 and 2006 – Percentage of each age group Percentage of population who changed place of residence between 2001 and 2006, by Province/Territory 13 . Changing Family Structure . .26 Percentage distribution of census families by type (1981-2006) Percentage distribution of census families by type, by Province/Territory (2006) 14 . Projected Number of Families . .28 number of families of two or more persons (1986-2026) number of families by age of primary household maintainer (1986-2026) 15 . Trends in Family Size . .30 Percentage distribution of families by size (1971-2006) families by size, by Province/Territory (2006) 16 . Marriage, Common-law and Single . .32 Conjugal status of population aged 15 and over (2006) Conjugal status of population aged 15 and over, by Province/Territory (2006) 17 . Conjugal Status over the Life Course . .34 Conjugal status of population by age group (2006) Percentage of population aged 15 and over who are currently in a common-law relationship, by Province/Territory (2006) 18 . Declining Rates of Marriage . .36 “Total first marriage rate” – Percentage who can expect to legally marry before the age of 50 (1981-2004) Total first marriage rates for men and women, by Province/Territory (2004) 19 . Average Age at First Marriage Rising . .38 average age at first marriage (1921-2004) average age at first marriage, by Province/Territory (2004) 20 . Same-sex Marriages Legally Recognized . .40 same-sex couples (2006) same-sex couples by marital status and presence of children, by Province/Territory (2006) 21 . Common-law Unions More Common . .42 Population aged 15 years and older living in common-law unions, by age group (2001 and 2006) Probability for women of experiencing at least one marriage or common-law unions, by age group (2001) 22 . Four in Ten Marriages end in Divorce . .44 “Total divorce rate” – Percentage of couples who can expect to divorce before their 30th wedding anniversary (1981-2004) Total divorce rate, by Province/Territory (2004) 23 . Most Repartner after Divorce or Separation . .46 number of marriages and divorces (1981-2005) Cumulative percentage of repartnering after marital disruption iv | families count: profiling canada’s families iv the vanier institute of the family 24 . Reasons why People Marry . .48 Top reasons why people choose partners and marry (2004) 25 . Reasons why People Separate . .50 formal services used to navigate union dissolution (2001-2006 period) The top 5 reasons why couples separate and divorce (2004) 26 . Fertility – If, When and How Many . .52 age-specific fertility rate, births per 1,000 women in each age group (1941-2007) Births per 1,000 women in each age group, by Province/Territory (2007) 27 . Births to Common-law Families and Single Mothers Rise . .54 number of births by mother’s age and legal marital status (2007) Percentage of births by legal marital status of mother, by Province/Territory (2007) 28 . Families and Adoption . .56 international adoptions (1996-2008) number of children adopted and children in care, by Province/Territory 29 . Children in Care . .58 Children in care in Canada (1992-2007) 30 . Majority of Young People aspire to have Children . .60 average number of children by family type (1981-2006) fertility intentions, women aged 20-39 years (2006) 31 . Children’s Changing Family Context . .62 Children under 15 years of age and the families in which they live (1986-2006) Percentage distribution of children under 15 years of age by family type, by Province/Territory (2006) 32 . Children and Family Transitions . .64 family transitions among children aged 6-13 (1996-97) 33 . Child Custody and Support . .66 Court-ordered custody arrangements – Percentage distribution of children by party to whom custody was granted (1995 and 2004) Court-awarded custody – Percentage distribution of dependent children by party to whom custody was granted, by Province/Territory (2004) 34 . Stepfamilies and Blended Families . .68 stepfamilies by type (2006) selected characteristics of stepfamilies, by region (2006) 35 . Mid-life Families . .70 distribution of women aged 25-64 by age group and by presence and age of children (2006) distribution of men aged 25-64 by age group and by presence and age of children (2006) 36 . Home Leaving . and Home Returning . .72 Percentage of young adults who live in the parental home (1986-2006) Percentage of children aged 15 and over by age group who live in their parents’ economic family, by Province/Territory (2006) 37 . Older Families and Where they Live . .74 Children (all ages) living with one or more grandparents with no parent present (1991-2006) living arrangements of seniors by age group (2006) families count: profiling canada’s families iv | v the vanier institute of the family Part II – Canada’s Families: Economic Security . 76 38 . Converging Labour Force Participation Rates . .78 labour force participation rates, males and females aged 15 and over (1976-2009) labour force characteristics, population aged 15 years and over, by sex and Province (2009) 39 . High Rates of Employment among Mothers . .80 labour force participation rates of males and females aged 25-54, by marital status (1976-2008) employment rates of women with children, by age of youngest child (1976-2006) 40 . Multiple Income Earners the Norm . .82 Working-age families by number of earners (1976-2007) Changes in family structure and work, families with children under 18 (1976-2007) 41 . Working Part-time and Shift . .84 Part-time workers who work part-time in order to care for children and other family reasons, women and men aged 25-44 (1997-2008) Workers aged 19-64, share of regular and shift work, by sex (2005) 42 . Dual-Earner Families . .86 Percentage distribution of families with children across family work patterns, two-parent families (1980-2005) Hours of employment for families and spouses in dual-earner couples (1997 and 2008) 43 .