Weld Quide to Common Alarine and Ra Ws/Ies of Oregon ALAN J. BEARDSLEY Si tion Bulletin 607 National Marine Fisheries Service Revised November 1973 Seattle, Washington Agricultural] xperiment S i Oregon State University Corvallis CARL E. BOND Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 9orcword This bulletin is a product of one of the primary ob- fishes and other aquatic organisms. This study is designed jectivesof the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, to determine what effect chronic poisoning has on growth, namely the creation of new knowledge through an aggres- activity, utilization of food, tissue composition, and me- sive and prudently directed research program. The fol- tabolism in fishes. lowing is a summary of the fisheries research program. Pulp Mill Waste Degradation in Marine Waters This project develops bioassay methods for evaluating LIFE HISTORY OF FISHES the toxicity of pulp mill wastes and for measuring the Oregon Fishes, Their Classification, Distribution, and Life effectiveness of methods of treating such wastes. History Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents on the Growth This long-term, continuing researchisdesigned to provide basic information on Oregon's fish fauna. and Production of Fishes Thisproject develops methodsofevaluatingthe Ecology of Recreationally Important Estuarine Fishes chronic effects of mill effluents on the productivity of This research in coastal embayments provides a funda- aquatic ecosystems. mental understanding of thefactors which affect the abundance and well-beingofrecreationally important PARASITES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS fishes, especially flounders and surf perches. 'Salmon Poisoning" Disease Early Life History Studies of Commercial Marine Fishes This research identifies the natural definitive hosts for and Shelifishes the fluke and rickettsiae and determines what animals The eggs and larvae of most commercial fishes and other than canids harbor the rickettsiae. It also evaluates shelifishes live in the mid and surface water of the sea. the effect of the parasite on fishes. Knowledge of their distribution and of the factors affecting their survival provides a basis for prediction of recruitment GENETICS OF FISHES AND SIIELLFISHES to exploitable stocks and for regulation of the fisheries. Fish Genetics This study of fish genetics is concerned with race iden- ECOLOGY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS tification, improvements of hatchery stocks, and evolution Alsea Watershed Study of fishes. This is an evaluation of the effects of logging practices Selective Breeding of Oysters on salmonid fishes in a coastal stream. This research seeks the degree to which certain at- Ecological Studies of an Experimental Stream tributes of oysters are genetically determined. Attributes Organic enrichment of streams promotes the growth under evaluation are growth, survival, fatness, shape, and of benthic slimes, which can alter plant and animal com- total solids of body meat. munities and can influence populations of economically important fishes and invertebrates. These studies expand CONTROL OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS knowledge of the comp]ex relationships involved. Control of Aquatic Plants This project seeks controls for nuisance aquatic plants Ecological Studies in Laboratory Streams which do not endanger fishes, other valuable aquatic or- These studies identify pathways of energy transfer ganisms, or humans. through aquatic communities and determine the differences in efficiency of utilization of sources of energy by aquatic AQUICULTURE communities. Such knowledge leads to better understand- Limnology and Management of Farm Ponds and Other ing of the effects of pollutants on production of fish and Small Impoundments other aquatic organisms. This research provides the information needed for WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS optimum production of salmonid and warm-water fishes in small impoundments. Effects of Pesticides on Marine Organisms This project defines acute and chronic toxicity of Culture of Bivalve Molluscs specific pesticides for representative forms of marine life This research evaluates systems for the culture of and identifies pathways of transfer of pesticides in marine larval oysters and clams on a commercial scale in an ex- ecosystems. perimental hatchery. It also seeks to define optimum con- ditions for the artificial seeding of clam and oyster grounds. Pesticides in Food Chains in Laboratory Streams This research measures the extent of accumulation of Cryogenic Preservation of Salmonid and Molluscan representative pesticides in the tissues of fishes and other Gametes selected aquatic organisms and relates this to knowledge of This project evaluates techniques for storing the sperm pathways of energy transfer within the aquatic community. of oysters and salmon in a frozen state.Benefits from successful development of the techniques include reduc- Dissolved Oxygen Requirements of Freshwater Fish tion in hatchery costs by eliminating the need for maintain- The decomposition of organic materials in water results ing large brood stocks and perfection of a means to fa- in a reduction of dissolved oxygen. The permissable degree cilitate selective breeding. of reduction of dissolved oxygen is almost always specified in water quality standards, and a primary guide in estab- Culture of Pacific Salmon lishing these specifications is the oxygen requirements of This research deals with the design, construction, and fishes. Thus, this research determines the concentrations of testing of streamside incubators, which simulate conditions dissolved oxygen necessary for unimpaired growth of fresh- in natural spawning beds, for pink and chum salmon. It water fishes in their natural environment. also investigates methods of adapting juvenile fall chinook salmon to sea water to speed up their return to the sea. Poisoned Fish, Their Biochemistry and Physiological Ecologtj Thomas C. Scott, Head There is little information on the modes of action and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife effects of sublethal concentrations of toxic substances on April 16, 1970 CoNtents Foreword 2 China Rockfish 15 Introduction 4 Copper Rockfish 16 Selected Species 5 Pacific Ocean Perch 16 Basking Shark 5 Sablefish 16 Blue Shark 5 Lingcod 17 Spiny Dogfish 5 Kelp Greenling 17 Big Skate 6 Rock Greenling 18 Green Sturgeon 6 White Spotted Greenling 18 White Sturgeon 7 Sculpins 18 Pacific Herring 7 Brown Irish Lord 19 Northern Anchovy 8 Red Irish Lord 19 Chinook Salmon 8 Buffalo Sculpin 19 Chum Salmon 8 Cabezon 20 Coho (Silver) Salmon 9 Pacific Staghorn Sculpin 20 Coastal Cutthroat Trout 9 Gunnels, Pricklebacks, and Relatives Surf Smelt 9 (Blennies) 20 Wolffish (Wolf-eel) 21 Pacific Hake 10 21 Pacific Tomcod 10 Penpoint Gunnel 21 Threespine Stickleback 10 Saddleback Gunnel Pacific Snakeblenny 21 Bay Pipefish 11 Jacksmelt 22 Striped Bass 11 Flatfishes 22 Pile Perch 11 Dover Sole Redtail Surfperch 12 22 English Sole Shiner Perch 12 23 Pacific Halibut Striped Seaperch 13 23 Petrale Sole Walleye Surfperch 13 23 Rex Sole 23 White Seaperch 13 Sand Sole 24 Albacore 14 Starry Flounder 24 Rockfishes 14 Mola (Ocean Sunfish) 24 Black Rockfish 14 Glossary 25 Blue Rockfish 15 Index 26-27 Bocaccio 15 For Further Reading 27 3 7idd Quide to eomwion ,A4arine and Haiithesof Oregon ALAN J. BEARDSLEY and CARL E. BOND* Introduction A varied and complex assemblage of fishes in- less fishes, the cartilaginous fishes, and the bony habit t.he coastal waters of Oregon. The variety of fishes. Jawless fishes (Figure 1) are represented by habitats, the ocean current patterns, and the geo- the hagfishes and lampreys, neither of which are graphical placement (42° to 46° N) of this coast often seen by the coastal visitor although the ana- allow for visitation and colonization by northern dromous lamprey can be seen at dams onits and southern inshore fishes as well as those from spawning migration into fresh water. The hagfish the open ocean. This bulletin describes some of is a burrowing scavenger of the ocean floor. Carti- the most common kinds of fish found in this faun- ally rich area. Those fishes were selected because of their present or potential use for food and sport as well as their general interest to vacationers. For purposes of description the fishes can be separated into three general groupings: the jaw- Figure 2 Ratfish laginous fishes include the sharks, skates, rays, and the ratfish (Figure 2). There are several species representing this general group. The bony, or "true," fishes are by far the most numerous in number of species. Many species of bony fishes are actively sought by anglers and commercial fishermen. Species of the other two groups are Figure 1 taken only incidentally. Hagfish This bulletin combines a short description of selected species with simple drawings which show Alan J. Beardsley is a former graduate research as- the general outline and main distinguishing fea- sistant and Carl E. Bond is professor of fisheries, Depart- tures or markings. This method is useful only for ment of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University. identification of typical adult specimens. Dr. Beardsley'spresent address is the Bureau of Com- The ranges given represent the eastern Pacific mercial Fisheries, 2725 Mountlake Blvd. East, Seattle, Washington 98102. The research on which this publica- distribution unless otherwise noted. tion is based was supported in part by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife,UnitedStates Department of Interior. 4 Selected Species BASKING SHARK Size: Length to