ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING M-634 | 2016 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters – 2015 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters – 2015 | M-634 COLOPHON Executive institution NIVA – Norwegian Institute for Water Research NIVA Report 7098-2016 Project manager for the contractor Contact person in the Norwegian Environment Agency Øyvind Kaste Eivind Farmen M-no Year Pages Contract number 634 2016 86 (210) 16078016 Publisher The project is funded by NIVA Norwegian Environment Agency Author(s) Eva Skarbøvik (NIBIO), Ian Allan (NIVA), Per Stålnacke (NIBIO), Tore Høgåsen (NIVA), Inga Greipsland (NIBIO), John Rune Selvik (NIVA), Liv Bente Schanke (NIVA), Stein Beldring (NVE) Title – Norwegian and English Elvetilførsler og direkte tilførsler til norske kystområder – 2015 ISBN: 978-82-577-6833-1 Riverine Inputs and Direct Discharges to Norwegian Coastal Waters - 2015 Summary – sammendrag Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters in 2015 have been estimated in accordance with the OSPAR Commission’s principles. Nutrients, metals and organic pollutants have been monitored in rivers; discharges from point sources have been estimated from industry, sewage treatment plants and fish farming; and nutrient inputs from diffuse sources have been modelled. Trends in riverine inputs have been analyzed, and threshold concentration levels investigated. Rapporten presenterer resultater fra Elvetilførselsprogrammet i 2015. Næringsstoffer, metaller og organiske miljøgifter er overvåket i norske elver, mens punktutslipp er beregnet fra industri, renseanlegg og akvakultur. Tilførsler av næringsstoff fra diffuse kilder er beregnet ved hjelp av TEOTIL-modellen. Trender i tilførsler fra utvalgte elver er beskrevet. Konsentrasjoner over gitte grenseverdier er funnet for både metaller og organiske miljøgifter i enkelte elver. 4 emneord 4 subject words Elvetilførsler, direkte tilførsler, norske Riverine inputs, direct discharges, Norwegian kystområder, overvåking coastal waters, monitoring Front page photo Fishing from wooden rafts in River Numedalslågen. Photo: Roger Roseth 1 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters – 2015 | M-634 Content Summary ...................................................................................................... 4 Sammendrag .................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................... 8 1.1 The OSPAR RID Programme ....................................................................... 8 1.2 The Norwegian RID Programme in 2015 ......................................................... 8 2. Materials and methods ................................................................................ 14 2.1 Water discharge and hydrological modelling ................................................. 14 2.2 River grab samples: Sampling and calculation ............................................... 14 2.2.1 Sampling methodology ................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Chemical parameters – detection limits and analytical methods ................. 14 2.2.3 Quality assurance and direct on-line access to data ................................ 15 2.2.4 Calculating riverine loads ............................................................... 15 2.2.5 Statistical methodology for trends in riverine inputs ............................... 17 2.3 Unmonitored areas ............................................................................... 18 2.4 Direct discharges ................................................................................. 19 2.5 Calculating total loads to the sea .............................................................. 23 2.6 Organic contaminants: Sampling and calculation ........................................... 24 2.6.1 Sampling methodology ................................................................... 24 2.6.2 Chemical parameters and analytical methods ....................................... 26 2.6.3 Quality assurance ......................................................................... 27 2.6.5 Calculating riverine loads and whole water concentrations of organic constituents ....................................................................................... 27 2.7 Water temperature ............................................................................... 29 2.8 Sensor monitoring ................................................................................ 29 3. Results .................................................................................................... 32 3.1 Climate, water discharge and temperature ................................................. 32 3.1.1 The climate in 2015; a wet and warm year ........................................... 32 3.1.2 Water discharge ........................................................................... 33 3.1.3 Water temperature ....................................................................... 34 3.2 Nutrients, particles, silicate and TOC ......................................................... 34 3.2.1 Total inputs in 2015 ...................................................................... 34 3.2.2 Trends in riverine nutrient loads and concentrations ............................... 36 3.2.3 Source apportionment of nutrients .................................................... 46 3.2.4 Direct discharges of nutrients and particles .......................................... 48 2 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters – 2015 | M-634 3.3 Metals .............................................................................................. 49 3.3.1 Total inputs of metals in 2015 .......................................................... 49 3.3.2 Trends in metal loads and concentrations ............................................ 50 3.3.3 Metal concentrations and threshold levels ........................................... 57 3.4 Organic contaminants ............................................................................ 58 3.4.1 Organic contaminant concentrations .................................................. 58 3.4.2 Suspended particulate matter-water distribution of contaminants ............... 64 3.4.3 Comparison with WFD environmental quality standards ............................ 66 3.4.4 Estimation of riverine loads of contaminants for 2015 ............................. 68 3.5 Sensor data ........................................................................................ 71 3.5.1 Operation and maintenance ............................................................. 71 3.5.2 Turbidity from sensors compared to grab samples .................................. 72 3.5.3 Conductivity from sensors compared to grab samples .............................. 74 3.5.4 pH from sensors compared to grab samples .......................................... 77 3.5.5 Further use of sensors and sensor data ................................................ 79 4. Conclusions .............................................................................................. 80 5. References ............................................................................................... 84 Appendices .................................................................................................. 88 Appendix I The RID objectives ........................................................................ 90 Appendix II Personnel .................................................................................. 92 Appendix III: Catchment information for 47 monitored rivers ................................... 94 Appendix IV Methodology, supplementary information .......................................... 100 Appendix V Trends in riverine loads and concentrations. ....................................... 114 Pollutant Concentrations – 10 year trends ................................................... 114 Trend Analyses – Pollutant Loads, 10 year trends .......................................... 115 Pollutant Loads – complimentary charts ..................................................... 116 Addendum: ................................................................................................. 144 Data from the 2015 RID Programme ................................................................... 144 Table 1 Concentration data in 2015 ................................................................... 146 Table 1a. Concentration data with statistics for the 47 monitored rivers in 2015 .......... 146 Table 1b. Organic contaminants – concentrations ................................................ 178 Table 2 Riverine inputs .................................................................................. 184 Table 2a. Riverine inputs from 155 Norwegian rivers in 2015 .................................. 184 Table 2b. Organic contaminants – loads (three rivers) .......................................... 196 Table 3. Total inputs to the sea from Norway in 2015 .............................................. 200 3 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters – 2015 | M-634 Summary This report presents the results of the 2015 monitoring of the RID Programme (Riverine Inputs and Direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters). The monitoring is part of a joint monitoring programme under the “OSPAR Commission for the Protection