ĺ̓ƚϣỞ᪊νྲྀ ƏƏˋˋɻɻ̼̼ÇÇŸŸ Cultural China ᵈ ű ͓ : ᵈű áÁŢ͟Mڂ ϔǒ ĚRńČේֲ .ņƔ'ේٸ / Cultural ChinaᆵęĚⓉᪿ ǩ*˳̓ƚϦČࠂ 2009.3 ISBN 978-7-308-06561-0 ʌ਍ƚʝ Ⓣᪿνƚ ᆵ᪱ C :ٸ B : A νnj ĚǶ ę DH319.4K ęČƨĚRĺ /01 ϔǒʴƋ67889:ৰ 8<=8>9 ǻ ęĚⓉᪿ ƶ%͓ : Ȥƶ%áÁŢ͟M 44444444444444444444444444 ᯧçේṕ ᪼ጟè[email protected] ȵ☦᪂ᩥ Ɖ๨ ϦČǕᜐ ˳̓ƚϦČࠂ (æ͐ƋĈ 148 ř Ǻκϣǩ 310028) (E-mail: [email protected]) (ɑŶYhttp://www.zjupress.com http://www.press.zju.edu.cn) ŀ̽Y0571-88925591, 88273066(¦Ň) Ƕ Č ǩ*̓Ě᪂ᩥƅ└͘Ǽ Ŵ ; ǩ*̓ȐνྲྀƵŴƅ└͘Ǽ Ō ƨ 787 mm 960 mm 1/16 Ŵ Ŭ 19.25 Ƌ ϔ 609 Ň Č Ŵ Ƶ 2009 À 3 Ƅৰ 1 Č 2009 À 3 Ƅৰ 1 ƵŴ; Ŵ ϔ 00013000 R ǻ ISBN 978-7-308-06561-0 ǎ ã 36.00 ̯ 44444444444444444444444444 Čƿ¤ƅ ຿Ŵȑऺ Ŵញ:⏝ ᯣᯧ᫇dž ˳̓ƚϦČࠂǕᜐᾬὲᯱϹ᪡(0571)88925591 Əˋɻ̼ÇŸ ȸ Ƞ G-͸ĝƶϙʲĝĆø͸˅ŀȁˎ͸˅GƤCÿHKĄĆKƃǢȷɢÇǚ ĝÏ̼KƃǢʉɜξn -./KƏˋl]nƤÿHîνǾKÿHÇûÀįÀʩƿƏ ˋĝƷĚKɪˋNʆÀįÀ̀ƤCƏˋCG-͸l^ˏWWǼǍÝJ½ʮǒÈ ͮ˼ɻ̼8ƅKƯKȶø͸˅ŀˏGɡɵK̇ÿHJ½ƏˋĝÈͮ\ŵö\ ɻ̼\Υ\Ûͻ\lήġġC ʲνĝî͸G-͸W>ΆǼǍÝΆ8ƅĝ-͸Kƶȼ-W>͸˅ ΥΆũõ˼ʮǒɻ̼ɡƶKʉɜĝî͸ÛlˎÎƏ͸GÖƀ̔͸\|ư³HíƗ ˝ĝG͸˅KlΆħʌƤ.ĝǐƖ͛ϙĝGÅ\Bʊ˼2êǒüK ƘɜlæϡKȶˏʌ̇ˋεvNJ½ƏˋƤCĄĆĖƤŇŞ˼ȻˋNY̓÷Ȑ ͿȐǐĝð̡KƋDZΥĝˋνƘɜ7ɒɒɃĖ̀ŒĝŒ^įĶ̀ģ̂^ CɬʉɜĝŐ(KuʩƏˋĝGɻƨÝʉˋĝî͸˼Ə͸-Ə̋º˫C -ŞĆɡƤĉKˋν˼ÈͮƋî͸ÛGˏſĝϙKɡƤȷ)°ĵ˫̈Ư% ̧ĝC -ſȕÎƗ(ſljXuƏˋǓĝÈͮɻ̼˫̈KƯ^ĆWW˳ .),ĝƏˋɻ̼CʉɜĝͲƶϙįDZˋˍȻĨQÌƏuʩƏˋÈͮ˼ɻ̼ĝ J½KŃ̜Ȕŀ^ºĆÝƏˋɵȔˎͿWÝƏˋɵȔĝȻˋvNCʉɜϡͲ$Ƥb ǫƏˋ]˫õȔŀƖ̧ĝʩƏˋĝɻģCƘɜÎ^ȅĝ(ſhıęĝGJ½Ƥ ƏˋĝÈͮ˼ɻ̼C-ˍ`ÇΛ;X˅Ŵ\Bò\Ǻs\ŵöNʦ\Ò̽ʛā\ Ə\ʛĴ\;ő\Ĵ\Υ\Èͮ\şƍ\lή\ãΧ\-¢\ęě)õ\î ͸Ûͻ\̵ɼɒǠ\ÈͮʁǝġġKÎƗǒɻĚ˫ƤĊõƏˋǼɇKɡ͸˅ŀǜɺ ƤhGĵƏˋĝÛŦŵC -nƶǝɡƶĝþ­ȆfKɔþ­GģƖ͙ɻģK͙ȔɡëˍøhK ͙hȓëȻÇŸCɡƤ:ƹ͸˅ŀɯ˲ıŨCëɻˍ`KʉɜǜɺƤÛÅ2Gˍ ˛Iˎî͸G.ϙĝþÅH\ÅȆ2\DžuʐÅ2KƋɻƏ˫ĝ̜ɻ̼˫ ̈˼Υ˄ļȓƤϙĝƿČK%̧Ƥ́üƗϊ\ÛŦͻͲĝƐ˅˼ΥͻŦCʸ Q ᣄ / 1 Cultural China ɔ͸˅ŀȁˎŃ̜Ɛ˅˼ͻŦǜɒΥĝôεÎhˏſC -ĝ%ŀųĆAΉÎāî͸G-͸ĝ-åKu˵Ċĝ-͸˼-%̧l κC-ƶ%Y͓ :KȤƶ%YáÁŢ\͟MZ%ŀYŢͪ \ĦĂ\oʉΥ\ Ȯ*\_V\ο ͬ\ĦV\Ƃ̛Þ\͟ʌ\ο˞\ßͪ\͟Ʋ C -ĝëɻʴǏͲDZˋˍȻuʩƏˋĝ1ʦKÝÆ̇°Ȕŀ2ýƓ̷ĝɃ ̮C -ĆʉɜÝî͸G-͸ȷɢƏĝÉîā?ēCħǠ˼^Ȱŭ¡͆ɔDž ν˼Ÿŀ^Ƹŷ-C ǎɬȹ ˝µ-̖ 2 / Q ᣄ Əˋɻ̼ÇŸ Contents Unit / Topic Text Extra Reading Page 1 / Chinese Festivals Traditional Festivals in China Spring Festival p.1 2 / Traveling The Great Wall: A Miracle of A Winter Tour of Mount Tai p.13 the World 3 / Manners Chinese Table Etiquette Vanity and “Face” p.26 4 / Education Technology and Education: A Queen of Children p.36 Trans-century Strategy 5 / Approach to Life Approach to Life Years of Trials and Hardships p.47 Give Way to Happiness 6 / Globalization and China Enters the WTO Ms. Yang Lan’s Speech p.58 China 7 / Culture and Cre Does Culture Stifle Creativity? Rising Star in the World of p.68 ativity Calligraphic and Porcelain Arts 8 / Growing Up in I’m Glad My Son Is Growing Kindergartens That Nurture p.79 China Up in China with Care 9 / Myths and Legends The Cowherd and the Weaving The Cowherd and the Weaving p.89 Maid Maid 10 / Leisure Activities A Review of Chinese Stamps Chinese Teahouse: Haven for p.100 the Heart 11 / Learning My Chinese Classmates Using Modern Technology to p.113 Should Get Their Priorities Learn Chinese Right! 12 / Philosophy on Buddhist Philosophy on China Seeks Peace of Mind p.125 Healthy Living Health Building 13 / The Media China’s Media Rush Regulating Media Violence p.138 Contents / 1 Cultural China 14 / New Ways of Web-shopping E-commerce Be Innovative: Best Advice p.154 Shopping Gaining in Acceptability for E-commerce 15 / Attitude towards In Search of the Great Leisure In Search of the Great Leisure p.165 Life Seeker Seeker 16 / Philosophy and Li Ka-shing and a Coin Listen to Your Elders p.179 Business 17 / Risks Battle against AIDS Red Warning p.189 18 / Science and Tech- Big Ideas Drive China’s Quest Nobel Laureate Yang on p.200 nology for Super Status Sci-tech Development and Educational Reform 19 / Youth’s Problems Schoolyard Rhymes Evoke More and More Chinese Teens p.212 Wide Concern Wear Glasses 20 / Career Planning The Personnel Market in The Personnel Market in p.223 China China 21 / Psychology in Our China Increasingly Accepts Pressure Leads to Suicides p.234 Daily Life Psychology 22 / College Life Students Live off Campus Military Training Unites p.244 Students 23 / Love My Mother How Much Money Is Needed p.252 to Raise a Child? 24 / Medical Ethics Health Is Not Enough Euthanasia Should Be Legalized p.261 in China 25 / Personality of The Spirit of the Chinese The Spirit of the Chinese p.273 Chinese People People People 26 / Social Problems China’s First Sexual Har- Anti-Corruption: A Long- term p.283 assment Lawsuit Task p.296 Key to the Exercises 2 / Contents Əˋɻ̼ÇŸ Unit 111 Chinese Festivals Pre-reading Questions Directions: In this part there are three questions. Work in pairs or small groups and talk about them in class. 1. Do you know the English names of the traditional Chinese festivals? What are they? 2. How do Chinese people celebrate these traditional festivals? Are there any changes in the way of celebrating in the past and nowadays? 3. Which festival do you like better, Christmas or the Spring Festival? Why? Text Traditional Festivals in China China now encourages a simplified ceremonial life. In feudal times, however, complex rituals characterized by superstition and extravagance marked such important occasions as births, marriages, deaths and sacrifices to the ancestors. Today, most of the feudal trappings of these ceremonies have been eliminated as a result of the Chinese government’s educational efforts. Recognizing that China’s minority nationalities practice a wide variety of customs, the Constitution1 grants each nationality the freedom to retain and reform their own customs. At the same time, a simplified ritual life is now the rule in Han communities. Birthdays, for instance, were previously celebrated by eating a bowl of “longevity noodles” (which is associated with long life) and now it is substituted by eating Western-style birthday cakes. In general, though, birthdays are not considered important occasions in China, and are celebrated more by the young than the old, and more in cities than in the countryside. As regards weddings, it may be different. A marriage becomes legal when a couple Unit 1 Chinese Festivals / 1 Cultural China acquires a marriage certificate. Thus the marriage ceremony takes place separately from the legal proceedings and takes the form of a gathering where friends and family members offer their congratulations to the newly-weds. As an ancient nation, China, the “Middle Kingdom”, is a country with splendid cultural relics. People still observe the tradition and celebrate a wide variety of festivals. They are: Spring Festival; Lantern Festival; Pure Brightness; Dragon Boat Festival; Mid-Autumn Festival; Laba. Spring Festival It is the Chinese New Year, known also as “passing the year” in Chinese. This is the most important and popular of all Chinese festivals. As early as the Xia Dynasty (21 16 centuries B.C.), the first day of the first moon in the lunar calendar was known as the “head of year”. But it was not until the Han Dynasty (206 B.C. 220 A.D.) that the day became a widely celebrated holiday. After the 1911 revolution, however, the Gregorian calendar2 officially replaced the traditional Chinese calendar and the “beginning of the year” became known as the Spring Festival. In post-1949 China3, the Spring Festival has become a national holiday, and on New Year’s Eve (the last day of the twelfth moon in the Chinese lunar calendar4), the entire family gathers for a sumptuous meal. The principal ritual activity during the festival is known as “New Year’s Visiting” wherein relatives and friends go to each other’s houses and exchange greetings. Spring Festival carnivals vary from place to place, offering lantern and flower displays and the ever-popular lion and dragon dances. Usually on the doors of every house, there will be two strips of red paper with good-luck couplets pasted symmetrically. Similar to Christmas in Western countries, the Spring Festival is the most celebrated holiday in China. Almost all the factories and companies nationwide allow at least a week’s off. Visiting family members and friends is the order of day. People get together, recalling the shared memories and relaxing in various ways. Lantern Festival It falls on the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar. The name of this festival is in fact derived from a Tang Dynasty (618 907) custom of hanging out lanterns on the night of the festival. The Lantern Festival is also celebrated with round dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and filled with a variety of sweet fillings, known as Yuan Xiao (literally “the night of the first full moon”), which is another name for the festival. Pure Brightness It is the occasion for all the Chinese to honor their ancestors. As it is early spring and 2 / Unit 1 Chinese Festivals Əˋɻ̼ÇŸ usually falls around April 4, it is usually breezy and drizzly. But urban dwellers prefer to go to the countryside during the season. Dragon Boat Festival It falls on the 5th day of the fifth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. This festival was established in commemoration of Qu Yuan5 (c.6 340 278 B.C.), a statesman and poet of the Warring States Period (475 221 B.C.). An official of the State of Chu, Qu Yuan was thwarted in his ambitions to save the country and threw himself into the Miluo River when the State of Qin conquered Chu. Zongzi, glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves, are served on the festival and Dragon Boat races are held, which are strenuous and become popular in Southern provinces.