ANEKE, MARY CHIOMA (REV. SR.) PG/Ph.D/12/64711 TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE OF PRINCIPALS AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS FAC UL TY OF EDUCATION Digitally Signed by: Content manager’s Name Ebere Omeje DN : CN = Webmaster’s name O= University of Nigeria, Nsukka OU = Innovation Centre COVER PAGE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE OF PRINCIPALS AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA BY ANEKE, MARY CHIOMA (REV. SR.) PG/Ph.D/12/64711 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA DECEMBER, 2015. TITLE PAGE TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE OF PRINCIPALS IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA, IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND PLANNING BY ANEKE, MARY CHIOMA (REV. SR.) PG/Ph.D/12/64711 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA ASSOCIATE PROF. A. I. OBOEGBULEM SUPERVISOR DECEMBER, 2015. i APPROVAL PAGE THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA BY Associate Prof. A. I. Oboegbulem Supervisor Internal Examiner Prof. C.J.A. Onwuka External Examiner Head of Department Prof. Uju Umo Dean, Faculty of Education ii CERTIFICATION Aneke, Mary Chioma (Rev. Sr.), a postgraduate student in the department of Educational Foundations with registration number PG/Ph.D/12/64711 has satisfactorily completed the requirements for research work for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Administration and Planning. The work embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted in part or full for any other degree or diploma of this or any other university. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––– –––––––––––––––––––– Associate Prof. A. I.Oboegbulem Aneke, Mary Chioma (Rev. Sr) Supervisor Student iii DEDICATION To the Holy Trinity who have immeasurable love for me and to the Blessed Virgin Mary for her motherly influence in my life. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researcher thanks the Almighty God for His guidiance and protection throughout the course of this study. This study would not have been successfully carried out without the assistance of some individuals at one point or the other, during the course of the study. First and foremost, the researcher`s deep appreciation goes to her supervisor Associate Prof. (Mrs.) A. I.Oboegbulem whose ability, dexterity, skills, availability and good reading culture gave this work a good foundation. She painstakingly guided her throughout the course of this work. May God always be with her. The researcher’s immense gratitude goes to the following experts for their impact on the work; Associate Prof. J. C. Omeje, Dr. S. C. Ugwoke, Dr. Mrs. Oforka, Dr.Mrs A.N. Okolo. The researcher is also indebted to the following Prof. N. O. Ogbonnaya, Dr. J. J. O. Ezeugwu for making an expertise impute in the validation of the instrument for this study. The researcher appreciates Rev. Fr. Dr. L.K Ejionueme , Dr. V. Nwachukwu, Prof. Uche Eze and Dr Mrs. E.N Aye for their advice and useful suggestions during this study. Worthy to be acknowledged are all those who assisted the researcher in the course of her data collection from the vast study area; they are; Dr. U. O. Igbokwe Mrs Ogada Monica, Mrs Nworieke Catherine, Emeagha Chijioke and a host of others among others, who may not be noted here for want of space. May the Almighty God reward them abundantly. Furthermore the researcher is highly grateful to her religious family Daughter’s of Divine Love Congregation, especially the Superior General, Rev. Mother Maria Chilota Elochukwu for her motherly care, and interest in developing individual members of the congregation. The research is also grateful to members of her biological family for their availability and moral support. May almighty God continue to bless them. v TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE i APPROVAL PAGE ii CERTIFICATION iii DEDICATION iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v TABLE OF CONENTS vi LIST OF TABLES ix LIST FIGURE x ABSTRACT xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 13 Purpose of the Study 14 Significance of the Study 0 15 Scope of the Study 17 Research Questions 17 Hypotheses 17 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 19 Conceptual framework 20 Concept of leadership 20 Concept of transformational leadership 32 Concept of human resources 41 Concept of management 44 Concept of human resource management 48 Concept of secondary education 51 Schematic representations of the concepts 94 Theoretical framework 95 Human Relations theory 95 Herzberg’s two factor theory of motivation 96 vi Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy theory 97 Contingency theory of leadership 99 Review of empirical studies 101 Studies related to leadership 101 Studies related to transformational leadership style 107 Studies related to human resource management 112 Studies related to staff development programmes 113 Studies related to staff motivation 117 Studies related to staff discipline 121 Summary of literature review 124 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD 126 Design of the Study 126 Area of the Study 126 Population of the Study 127 Sample and Sampling Technique 128 Instrument for Data collection 129 Validation of Instrument 130 Reliability of the Instrument 131 Method of Data collection 131 Method of Data Analysis 131 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 133 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARY OF THE STUDY 157 Discussion of findings 157 Conclusions 163 Implications of the Study 164 Recommendations 165 Limitations of the Study 166 Suggestions for further Study 167 Summary of the Study 167 vii REFERENCES 170 Appendix A: Letter to the Respondent 186 Appendix B: Transformational Leadership and Human Resource Management Questionnaire (TLHRMQ) 187 Appendix C: Reliability of Instrument 193 Appendix D: Population Distribution of Principals and Teachers by States in the South East 198 Appendix E: Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling by States 199 Appendix F: Public Secondary Schools in South East States Nigeria 200 Appendix G: Organizational structure of Federal Ministry of Education 260 Appendix H: Fielder’s contingency model 261 Appendix I: Teachers’ application for Annual/Casual Leave 262 Appendix J: Nigerian Geo-political Zones 264 Appendix K: Result Analysis 265 viii LIST OF TABLES 1 Mean ratings of principals and teachers on leadership style adopted by 134 principals. 2 Mean ratings of principals and teachers on extent principals adopt 139 transformational leadership style and staff development. 3 Mean ratings of principals and teachers on extent principals adopt 142 transformational leadership style and staff motivation. 4 Mean ratings of principals and teachers on extent principals adopt 144 transformational leadership style and staff discipline. 5 t-test analysis on the mean ratings of principals and teachers on 146 leadership styles adopted by principals. 6 t-test analysis on the mean ratings of principals and teachers on extent 150 transformational leadership style is adopted by principals and staff development. 7 t-test analysis on the mean ratings of principals and teachers on extent 152 transformational leadership style is adopted by principals and staff motivation. 8 t-test analysis on the mean ratings of principals and teachers on extent 154 transformational leadership style is adopted by principals and staff discipline. ix LIST OF FIGURE Figure Schematic representations of the concepts 94 x ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate transformational leadership style of principals in human resource management in public secondary schools in South East Nigeria. The study was guided by four research questions with four corresponding null hypotheses formulated. Literature relevant to the study was reviewed. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 25, 220 principals and teachers in 1,244 public secondary schools in the five South East states of Nigeria, out of which 1, 250 comprising 1000 teachers and 250 principals, were sampled using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire titled Transformational Leadership Style of Principals and Human Resource Management Questionnaire. (TLSPHRMQ) with reliability of 0.95 was used for data collection. 1,250 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 1,233 were returned. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviations to answer the research questions, while t-test statistics was used to test the null hypothesis at .05 level of significance. The results indicated that principals of public secondary schools in South East Nigeria fairly (great extent) adopt transformational leadership style, sometimes (little extent) adopt transactional leadership style and once in a while (very little extent) adopt laizzez faire leadership style. It was also found that the principals adopt transformational leadership style and staff development, staff motivation and staff discipline to a great extent. The null hypotheses tested showed that there is no significant difference between the mean ratings of principals and teachers on leadership styles of principals, there is no significant difference between the mean ratings of principals and teachers on the extent principals adopt transformational