E-mobility report Spring 2019. From e-scooters to electric buses and trucks, there are few subjects today that are the focus of so much public attention as driving vehicles powered by an EV battery. The battery is at the heart of this story. What happens to such batteries once they have completed the first phase of their life cycle? What is the most appropriate aftercare procedure for each type of battery used in the wide range of e-mobility vehicles? And what should a manufacturer or importer of these means of transport do to ensure compliance? It is now clear that e-mobility is no longer just a pipe dream. The fact remains that we are facing an evolution that will have a major impact for all parties concerned. Not least in the final phase of the value chain. But the battery We have already reported in a separate e-book about how Norway has managed to too, and in particular the industrial battery, cannot escape the new processes lead the field in the number of new electric vehicles sold (31.2% in 2018) and what integral to the so-called circular economy, in which repair, refurbishment, reuse and we can learn from that. remanufacturing full and partial service life value-retention processes (VRPs) are Now it is time for the next crucial questions. becoming the standard. → What does the e-mobility landscape in Belgium look like today? It is also the phase in which we at Bebat have been gaining years of knowledge and → What happens to EV batteries once they have completed the first phase of experience. their life cycle? Ensuring the second life of EV and industrial batteries through collection, transport, → What is the most appropriate aftercare procedure for each type of battery storage and dismantling for recycling, reuse and second-life applications is now used in the wide range of e-mobility vehicles? more important than ever. → And, as an importer of e-mobility batteries, what should you do to ensure compliance with the extended producer responsibility? Bebat, single point of contact for all types of battery and specialised in customised solutions, wishes you pleasant reading! 01 E-mobility en EV's: watt? 01 E-mobility and EVs: w(h)att? When they hear the term e-mobility, or electric mobility, most people think of electric cars. And, generally, full electric ones. But it deals with (much) more than that. This report also looks at e-mobility from a broader perspective. This is because electric power is used in (many) more forms of conveyance today than we might assume. Did you know… … “plug-in driving (stekkerrijden)” has become a household name in the Netherlands? 01 E-mobility en EV's: watt? Electric Vehicles & Electrified Vehicle Electrified Vehicles include: 1. Cars 2. Light-duty vehicles → Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) → Passenger light-duty vehicles (PLDVs) → Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) → Light commercial vehicles (LCVs) 3. Electric and hybrid trucks → Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) → Quadricycles and electric golf carts → Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) 4. E-buses 5. Construction equipment 6. iWheels 7. Electric bikes 8. Drones 9. E-yachts vehicles → electric mopeds and motorcycles → city bikes models, microlights pleasure craft, inland → excavators, articulated dump trucks (two or three wheels) → recumbent bikes and other small shipping vessels and boats and transshipment cranes, etc. → e-scooters, Segways, hoverboards, → pedelec aircraft for freight transport → vehicles for handling goods (forklifts mobility scooters and one-wheelers, → cargo bikes and internal transport) and street etc. → carrier cycles sweepers 01 E-mobility en EV's: watt? Used batteries & regulations I am putting a battery-powered vehicle onto the Belgian market. What To comply with all these requirements, manufacturers can draw up an individual must I do to ensure compliance with the extended producer responsibility? plan or join a cooperative operational collection, sorting and recycling system. The following provides an overview of the cooperative systems that are available for All registered companies, of whatever form, that manufacture products or introduce each category of battery: them to the Belgian market, including e-mobility means of transport, must comply → For lead starter batteries from all types of vehicle, you can become a participant with a number of legal requirements, in line with the extended producer responsibility of Bebat set out in the European directive on discarded batteries and accumulators (2006/66/ → For reusable and discarded industrial batteries (lithium and NiMH batteries) EC). These requirements include: above 20 kg and 60 volt DC from category M1 passenger cars (HEV hybrid, → Registration with the three Regions plug-in, electric or fuel cell), category N1 electric vehicles for freight transport → Annual or monthly reporting of vehicle batteries introduced to the market (small vans up to 3.5 tons) and category L mopeds and motorbikes, you can (including starter batteries, EV batteries and button cell batteries) become a participant of Bebat or Febelauto → Responsibility for the collection of these used batteries → For other reusable and discarded industrial batteries from e-scooters, → Transportation by a licensed company approved by the three Regions, in e-bikes, iWheels, hoverboards, micro-mobility vehicles, M2-M3 buses, accordance with the regulations governing the transport of hazardous waste N2-N3 freight transport (trucks, tractors, etc.), L6-L7 G (off-road) and T (ADR) quadricycles, e-boats (recreational shipping, inland shipping, merchant → Processing and recycling of batteries collected by a licensed company approved shipping and fishing) and electric golf carts, etc., you can become a by the three Regions participant of Bebat → Achieving the minimum recycling efficiency and collection targets imposed by → For other batteries from the aforementioned means of transport (button cell the EU and the three Regions batteries) used, for example, in car keys and in tyre-pressure sensors, you can → Reporting to the three Regions become a participant of Bebat. → Prevention and awareness campaigns (*) Companies that are affiliated with Febelauto for processing reusable or discarded These tasks are carried out for all types of battery and weight categories (including industrial Lithium batteries from electric cars (HEVs) must still become a participant button cell batteries), industrial batteries (such as traction batteries) and automotive of Bebat for the other batteries in the same vehicle. batteries (such as lead starter batteries and Li-ion starter batteries). These legal This link provides an overview of the various organisations in the market that can help requirements also apply to activities in which such batteries and accumulators are ease the administrative obligations and manage the operational implementation of reintroduced to the Belgian market as reusable or second-life batteries. the collection, transportation and recycling of discarded and reusable batteries. 01 E-mobility en EV's: watt? 1.1 Cars Evolution of the sales figures Still no breakthrough When we look back, we see that the number of full electric cars sold in Belgium It is still much too early to talk about a flourishing market in electric vehicles. Or doubled in just three years. Although it is a significant increase, the actual at least that is currently the case. But as one expert from the logistics industry numbers remain small. And this becomes clear when we look at the figures. recently put it: “Once it takes off, it can go very quickly.” The latest figures from 2019 can be found in the following Traxio report: https:// This is because ... cms.bebat.be/sites/default/files/2019-05/Alternative%20Fuel%20Report_ → more and more full electric models are arriving on the market, increasing the Bebat_201903_0.pdf amount of choice In particular, the number of hybrid cars in the electric-petrol category continues → the price of EV batteries (which determines the price of the car) is continuing to grow, with an increase of 39% compared to 2017. For electric-diesel hybrids, to fall the increase was 9.8%. In total, there are now 81,107 electric-petrol hybrids and → the average range is increasing 5,905 electric-diesel hybrids in Belgium. The electric-petrol hybrids make up around → and the recharging possibilities (fast and slow) are improving all the time 1.39% of the total number of vehicles. These developments in e-driving will likely accelerate in various sectors within the foreseeable future. In only four years, the number has quadrupled: from 21,774 in 2014 to 81,107 in 2018. Bebat’s prognosis: This rapid increase is also a result of federal tax measures: the tax deductible percentage for car expenses in relation to so-called “false hybrids” will be phased 92,000 EFVs* in 2025 (18.4% of new vehicles) out from 2020, unless they were registered before the end of 2017. This is why 154,000 EFVs* in 2030 (30% of new vehicles) many people decided to buy a hybrid. False hybrids (plug-in hybrids) are vehicles that run on both fossil fuel and a * Electrified vehicles (PHEVs- BEVs-PEVs) rechargeable battery where the use of battery power is significantly restricted. A much lower rate of tax relief will therefore apply for these vehicles from 2020. 01 E-mobility en EV's: watt? How expensive is driving electric? Compare the total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric, plug-in hybrid, natural gas and hydrogen cars with conventional fuel-powered cars at www.milieuvriendelijkevoertuigen.be. An electric car is more expensive to purchase than a conventional car, but the fuel and maintenance costs, for example, are lower. There are also government and other incentives available. In Flanders, for example, you will receive 4,000 euros when purchasing an EV. The view of an academic: Belgium is a typical trend follower, not a trendsetter. Subsidies have so A study by Bloomberg, on the other hand, shows that the price of an electric far not brought much change to the country.