T he A l to o n a T ri b u n e Pu bl i shi n g Co . A LTO O N A , P E N N A . l 9 l 7 C O PY R I G H T E D A L L R I G H T S R E S E RV E D H O N . C L E MA N . S O B E R O K , F o r 2 1 ea r n n i i o Y s a M e m b e r of th e P e n sy l va a G a m e C o m m i ss n . — o r R e n o n e h o t I n ti m t F ri n a ro H l W ld w d S a e e d of A n a l . Pre face H istory Description Habits Early Prevalence The Great S laughter The Biggest Panther Diminish ing Numbers The Last Phase 44 - 48 - — R e Introduction " Sporting. Possibilities 49 52 Superstitions 53—57 Tentative List o f Panthers Killed in Pennsylvania S ince 1 860 I I I f X . Ode to a Stu fed Panther I . PREFACE . H E obj ect o f this pamphlet is to produce a narra tive blending the history and romance of the once plenti ful Lion of Pennsylvania . While pages have been written in natural histories describing ’ this animal s unpleasant characteristics , not a word has been said in its favor . It has never even had an apol o g eti c . In reality the Pennsylvania Lion needs no defenders , as those who understand him realize the nobility of his nature . From reading John W . God ’ “ H ” b man s American Natural istory , pu lish ed in 1 828 , one would imagine that the Pennsylvania Lion , or , as it i s most commonly called , the panther , was a “ " most terrible beast . Among other things he says In the daytime th e cougar is seldom seen , but its peculiar cry frequently t hrills the experienced traveler with ” the . horror , while camping in forest for th e night “ Even Mary Jemison , The White Woman o f the Gen “ essee , speaks of the terri fying shri eks o f the fero ci o u s panther , as she heard it in her childhood days on . I n Marsh Creek , Franklin County reality the pan f ther was an ino fensive creature , desiring only to be ‘ re let alone , yet brave when attacked by dogs , and s ectfu l A p o f man . single hunter in St . Lawrence me t e County , New York , five panthers tog ther , of which , with his dog and gun , he killed three at the m and ti e the next day th e other two . Th e first settlers finding it in the woods set out to kill it as they did O OR THE PENNSYLVANIA LI N PANTHER . with every other living thing from the paroquet to the - e heath cock , from the northern hare to the pin marten , f rom the passenger pigeon to the wild turkey , without m i . co n o cal l trying to study it , or give it a chance E v the panther was of great value for the hide , meat , and oil , and as the finest game animal which Pennsylvania produced . As former Governor Glynn , o f New York , “ said in a message to the Legislature , Game should be ” conserved to furnish a cheap food supply . In the fol lowing pages will be found the bulk of the in formation which the writer has been able to collect on the sub ec j t o f the panther in Pennsylvania . It has been pre " V w h pared from the point of ie of the old unters , whom the writer has i nterviewed . While there are some statements which are liable to be declared scientifically incorrect , they are printed for what they are worth , as the authorities were as reliable as u m ci en t-ific o b servers can be . The writer has consulted practically every book which contains a mention of the panther in the Keystone State , and also many other works on the cougar of the United S tates and Central and South “ ” H e America . does not seek to split hairs and make the Pennsylvania Lion a separate variety , greater or ‘ grander than its relatives in other parts . The state ment is herein made that Pennsylvania panthers were be the largest known in the East , and this the writer ' ' l th an ther s i eves to be correct . The romantic part of e p soj ourn among u s has been dilated upon whenever possible . This animal , above all others , added most to f the legendary lore of the State . But the chief e fort C L E E N T F . H E R L A C H E R M , i th a a n th e r C u b W P T a k e n i n T re a ste r V a l l e M i ffl i n C o u n t y , y , i n 1 893 . O R THE PENNSYLVANIA LI N O PANTHER . o f these pages wi ll be to disprove many o f the stories derogatory to the animal , to give a hearing to its side of the case and a wider knowledge o f its beauty and . use fulness This , i s done in case a time should come " ” when red - blooded sportsmen will decide to rei n tro duce the panther as our leading game animal . Then there would be at least one published work which would show the misj udged “ cougar ” in a favorable light . Though perhaps lacking in scientific exactness , these pages would contain a brief for its existence . S outhern panthers may still visit the wilder localities e w o f P nnsylvania , and a ider knowledge of the animal i m ight help preven t a general onslaught against these wanderers . In this connection it might be well to state that the wandering pan thers are smaller than h those which eld thei r fixed abode in a single valley . “ ” In Algeria , where wandering leopards or panthers are found , they are called Berrani , whereas those which remain in one locality are called Dolly . The H Berrani , (the unting Leopard ) strangely enough , is smaller than the Dolly . Natural history has many parallels , coincidences and mysteries . All of them teach us the wonders of existence and should make us deal gently with every form of God ’s lesser creatures . We have no right to say which ani w as mals shall be destroyed and hich spared . Just we look with scorn on the wasteful methods o f the old time lumbermen of Pennsylvania , we will before long cherish. the same opinion of the men who wantonly d y estro ed the wild li fe of the Commonwealth . HI T RY l l . S O ' HE history o f the panther seems to be as old as the Indians themselves . The Erie tribe who were blotted out by the Iroquois in 1 6 56 were “ " Yen resh called the , or the long tailed , which was “ “ Gallicised into Eri , hence Erie , the place o f the “ i . du panther The French called the Erie , Nation ” Chat , or Cat Nation , which was simply a translation Yen r h es . du o f , the name o f the panther Nation Chat “ means Panther Nation , which is the real name of the Erie . From the earliest times the Pennsylvania lion has been unj ustly feared . The first S wedish settlers on c the Delaware hunted it unmerci fully . They ould not bu t believe that an animal which howled so hideously at night must be a destroyer o f human li fe . When William Penn first landed at Phil adelphia the range of the panther still extended to the outskirts of the city of Brotherly Love . In a letter to his friends in Eng n land , written during his first visit to his provi ce , he “ ' o r said living creatures , fish , fowl , and the beasts o f - an d the wood , here are divers sorts , some for food r fi an d fi o t . p , some for pro t only ; for food as well as profit , the elk , as big as a small ox ; deer , bigger than ours , beaver , raccoon , rabbits , squirrels , and some eat young bear and commend it . The creatures for profit only , by skin or fur , and which are natural to these parts , are the wild cat , panther , otter , wol f , fisher , 1 0 -YL VA NI A O R THE PENNS LI N O PANTHER . minx , muskrat , etc . This shows that the sagacious Quaker was awake to the commercial possibilities o f the panther and other animals . On a number of occa sions he expresses himself in favor of the protection — of fur bearing animals , except when their coats were M in prime condition . Certain of the ingo Indians hated the panther , classing it with the wolf and wild cat , as one of the few animals which were at perpetual Kan i sta i a . war with thei r God of the chase , g By the beginni n g of the eighteenth century the panther was driven back as far as the western limits of the present 1 7 50 Chester County .