DOCUMENT RESUME ED 359 091 SO 022 751 TITLE Intercollegiate Sports (Part 2). Hearing on Title IX Impact on Women's Participation in Intercollegiate Athletics and Gender Equity before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness of the Committee on Energy and Commerce. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session. INSTITUTION United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO ISBN-0-16-039277-2 PUB DATE 92 NOTE 164p.; Serial No. 102-140. AVAILABLE FROM U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *College Athletics; *Equal Education; Equal Opportunities (johs); *Federal Legislation; Federal Programs; Females; Government Role: Hearings; Higher Education; "Intercollegiate Cooperation; Sex Discrimination; *Sex Fairness IDENTIFIERS Congress 102nd; *Title IX Education Amendments 1972 ABSTRACT This document presents the transcript of a Congressional hearing, examining women's participation in intercollegiate athletics, gender equity, and the impact of those governing regulations on intercollegiate athletics as mandated by Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. The testimony of the following persens is included in the transcript: Merrily Dean Baker, Athletic Director, Michigan State University; Clarence C. Crawford, Associate Director, Education and Employment Issues, General Accounting Office; Chris Crissman. Office of Education and Employment Issues, General Accounting Office: Vivian L. Fuller. Associate Director, Intercollegiate Athleties, Indiana Uriversity of Pennsylvania; Christine H. B. Graat,'Women's Athletic Director, University of Iowa; Phyllis Howlett, Assistant Commissioner, Big Ten Conference and Chair, NCAA Committee on Women's Athletics; Lee A. McElroy, Athletic Director, California State University; Richard D. Schultz, Executive Director, National Collegiate Athletic Association; and Ellen J. Vargyas, senior counsel for education and employment, National Women's Law Center. (DB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** 4, 1' INTEMOLLEGIATE SPORTS rig (Part 2) HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CeZ COMMERCE, CONSUMER PROTECTION, AND COMPETITIVENESS cIT4 OF THE 4' COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON TITLE IX IMPACT ON WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN INTERCOLLEGIATE ATHLETICS AND GENDER EQUITY APRIL 9, 1992 Serial No. 102-140 Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION °dice o1 Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 'his document has been reproduced as reserved from tee person or organization originating it O Minor ctuoves have been made to improve reproduction Quality Points of view or oprnions staled in this docu- ment do not necementy repretent official 0E131 position or pot,cy U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 59-428,, WASHINGTON : 1992 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington. DC 20402 ISBN0-16-039277-2 2 COMMITTEE ON ENERGY ANDCOMMERCE JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan, Chairman NORMAN F. LENT, New York JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York CARLOS J. MOORHEAD, California HENRY A. WAXMAN, California MATTHEW J. RINALDO, New Jersey PHILIP R. SHARP, Indiana WILLIAM E. DANNEMEYER, California EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts DON RITTER, Pennsylvania AL SWIFT, Washington THOMAS J. BLILEY,JR.,Virginia CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois JACK FIELDS, Texas MIKE SYNAR, Oklahoma MICHAEL G. OXLEY, Ohio W.J. "BILLY" TAUZIN, Louisiana MICHAEL BILIRAKIS, Florida RON WYDEN, Oregon DAN SCHAEFER, Colorado RALPH M. HALL, Texas JOE BARTON, Texas DENNIS E. ECKART, Ohio SONNY CALLAHAN, Alabama BILL RICHARDSON, New Mexico ALEX McMILLAN, North Carolina JIM SLATTERY, Kansas J. DENNIS HASTERT, Illinois GERRY SIKORSKI, Minnesota CLYDE C. HOLLOWAY, Louisiana JOHN BRYANT, Texas FRED UPTON, Michigan RICK BOUCHER, Virginia JIM COOPER, Tennessee TERRY L. BRUCE, Illinois J. ROY ROWLAND, Georgia THOMAS J. MANTON, New York EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York C. THOMAS McMILLEN, Maryland GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts PETER H. KOSTMAYER, Pennsylvania RICHARD H. LEHMAN, California CLAUDE HARRIS, Alabama JOHN S. ORLANDO,Chief of Staff ALANJ.ROTH,Chief Counsel MARGARETA.DURBIN,Minority Chief Counsel/Staff Director COMPETITIVENESS SUBCOMMITTEE ONCOMMERCE, CONSUMER PROTECTION, AND CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois, Chairwoman ALEX McMILLAN, North Carolina PETER H. KOSTMAYER, Pennsylvania MICHAEL G. OXLEY, Ohio HENRY A. WAXMAN, California MICHAEL BILIRAKIS, Florida RICK BOUCHER, Virginia JOE BARTON, Texas JIM COOPER, Tennessee FRED UPTON, Michigan TERRY L. BRUCE, Illinois NORMAN F. LENT, New York J. ROY ROWLAND, Georgia THOMAS J. MANTON, New York (Ex Officio( EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York C. THOMAS McMILLEN, Maryland JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan (Ex Officio) DAVID SCHOOLER,Staff Director/Chief Counsel DONOVANL.GAY,Special Assistant MARY-MOORE HAMRICK,Minority Counsel 3 CONTENTS Page Testimony of: Baker, Merrily Dean, athletic director, Michigan State University 24 Crawford, Clarence C., associate director, Education andEmployment Issues, General Accounting Office 7 Crissman, Chris, Office of Education and Employment Issues,General Accounting Office 7 Fuller, Vivian L., associate director, Intercollegiate Athletics,Indiana University of Pennsylvania 105 Grant, Christine H.B., women's athletic director, University ofIowa 97 Howlett, Phyllis, assistant commissioner, Big Ten Conference,and Chair, NCAA Committee on Women's Athletics 23 McElroy, Lee A., athletic director, California State University 108 Schultz, Richard D., executive director, National CollegiateAthletic Asso- ciation 23 Vargyas, Ellen J., senior counsel for education and employment,National Women's Law Center Material submitted for the record by: 89 Board of Education: Letter dated April 8, 1992 andaccompanying report, from Michael L. Williams to Chairwoman Collins 70 Dunk le, Margaret C., letter dated April 9, 1992 to CommerceSubcommit- tee with article entitl- ' "The Rules of the Game" 122 INTERCOLLEGIATE SPORTS THURSDAY, APRIL 9, 1992 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, CONSUMER PROTECTION, AND COMPETITIVENESS, Washington, DC. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:12 a.m., in room B-352, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Cardiss Collins (chair- woman) presiding. Mrs. COLLINS. Good morning. This hearing of the Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection and Competitiveness will come to order. Today, our subcommittee's hearing will examine women's partici- pation in intercollegiate athletics, gender equity, and the impact of those governing regulations on intercollegiate athletics mandated by title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Women represent about a third of college athletes, but National Collegiate Athletic Association figures estimate that women get, at most, one-quarter of athletic scholarships. Women's share of total athletic expenditures is less. Today we will see, for example, that among Division I institutions, 252 offered basketball for men and 246 offered basketball for women and that these institutions spend substantially more in operating the men's programs than they do on the women's programs. For every dollar spent on operating a women's program, institutions spend, on average, $2.75 operating the men's program. For every dollar spent on recruiting women basketball players, the institutions spend an average of $3.21 onre- cruiting men. These are substantial differences, and I hope that today an explanation can be offered accompanied by some remedial solutions. Last May, I requested the deneral Accounting Office to conduct a review of college athletic budgets and hiring. The preliminary re- sults from their survey are disturbing. The simple finding was that at colleges and universities, other than historically black colleges and universities, minority and women hiring practices were abys- mal. The GAO report today, as does the NCAA's recent survey on gender equity, shows schools still do not carry out either the letter or the spirit of title IX which calls for equal opportunity for men and women in athletics. For example, within the men's and women's basketball programs at Division I institutions, there appear to be substantial differences in the salaries ?aid coaches in the programs. The salary of coaches in the men's programs are more than 80 percent higher than the (1) 5 2 salary of coaches in the women's programs.This., holds ue for both head coaches and assistant coaches. It should be noted that while 40 percent of the coaches .in the women's programs are men, none of the coaches in the men's pro- grams are women, and it is possible that the aggregationof data on salary by program is covering up an even greater disparity be- tween the salaries paid male and female coaches. I expect the data presented today by the GAO to reflect this situation. For too many years, schools have been spending more effort to find excuses not to comply with title IX than to find ways to imple- ment the law. For example, they often try to ignore spending on football despite the fact that the law provides