The Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 21 in Natural Sciences and Mathematics Spring 2019 The Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 21 in Natural Sciences and Mathematics Spring 2019 The Journal of Undergraduate Research in Natural Sciences and Mathematics Volume 21 | Spring 2019 Marks of a CSUF graduate from the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics GRADUATES FROM THE COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS: Understand the basic concepts and principles of science and mathematics. Are experienced in working collectively and collaborating to solve problems. Communicate both orally and in writing with clarity, precision, and confidence. Are adept at using computers to do word processing, prepare spreadsheets and graphs, and use presentation software. Possess skills in information retrieval using library resources and the internet. Have extensive laboratory, workshop, and field experience where they utilize the scientific method to ask questions, formulate hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, and analyze data. Appreciate diverse cultures as a result of working side by side with many people in collaborative efforts in the classroom, laboratory, and on research projects. Have had the opportunity to work individually with faculty members in conducting research and independent projects, often leading to the generation of original data and contributing to the research knowledge base. Are capable of working with modern equipment, instrumentation, and techniques. DIMENSIONS DIMENSIONS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research in Natural Sciences and Mathematics is an official publication of California State University, Fullerton. DIMENSIONS is published annually by CSUF, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA 92834. Copyright ©2019 CSUF. Except as otherwise provided, DIMENSIONS grants permission for material in this publication to be copied for use by non-profit educational institutions for scholarly or instructional purposes only, provided that 1) copies are distributed at or below cost, 2) the author and DIMENSIONS are identified, and 3) proper notice of copyright appears on each copy. If the author retains the copyright, permission to copy must be obtained directly from the author. ABOUT THE COVER The ongoing exploration using particle collisions has taken our understanding of the physical world into a new era. With each discovery we make, we obtain new ideas, and in turn, drives our sense of learning. We depict an illustration of a perceived effect of colliding with the quantum world with the hopes of motivating the scholars published in this journal to continue to grow their curiousity and contribute in the sciences that shape our world. DIMENSIONS Editorial Staff and Thanks EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Mikayla Mays - Physics EDITORS Jessica Sherman - Biological Science Mayra Silva - Biological Science Vianney Martinez - Chemistry and Biochemistry Lindsey Langer - Geological Sciences Sonali Vyas - Mathematics Diana Shirley - Physics ADVISOR Dr. Colleen McDonough - Assistant Dean for Student Affairs GRAPHIC DESIGN Gabriel Martinez - Layout Editor and Cover Designer COLLEGE OF NATURAL SCIENCES & MATHEMATICS Dr. Marie Johnson - Dean Dr. Sean E. Walker - Associate Dean Dr. Merri Lynn Casem - Chair, Department of Biological Science Dr. Peter de Lijser - Chair, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Dr. Jeffrey Knott - Chair, Department of Geological Sciences Dr. Alfonso Agnew - Chair, Department of Mathematics Dr. Ionel Tifrea - Chair, Department of Physics Special Thanks To The CNSM administrative staff for their support, the faculty for advising students and providing them with valuable research opportunities, and Dr. Colleen McDonough for her guidance and oversight. Table of Contents 9 Biological Science 16 The Effect of Pollutant Exposure on Fathead Minnow Nuptial Tubercle Development 9 Diffusible Iodine-Based Contrast-Enhanced - Zsuzsanna Papp and Alvina Mehinto Computed Tomography to Study Surf Perch - Advisors: Kristy Forsgren, Ph.D. (Embiotocidae) Reproductive Anatomy - Andrew Jaramillo - Advisor: Kristy L. Forsgren, Ph.D. 17 Chemistry and Biochemistry 10 Effects of Fire on a Blackbrush and Joshua Tree 17 Comparison of Alpha-2-Macroglobulins from Swine Woodland in the Mojave Desert and Humans and their Copper Binding - Ariana M. Sanchez, Kassandra M. Rodriguez, - Alejandra Garcia, Cameron Marzvaan, and Syndee R. Dunn, Andrew M. Jaramillo, and M. Enrico Falcone Kim Koval - Advisors: Maria C. Linder, Ph.D., and Peter - Advisors: Jennifer L. Burnaford, Ph.D., and Faller, Ph.D. Darren R. Sandquist, Ph.D. 18 Photoinduced Oxidative Cyclization Reactions with 11 Enhancing reference genomes for cross-cultivar Thiophene and Furan Rings as Nucleophiles functional genomics in apples - Crystal Paulus, Catherine Taylor and Abdullah - Brittany Cook, Mathew C. Simenc, and Heidi Alshreimi Hargarten - Advisor: Peter de Lijser, Ph.D. - Advisors: Joshua P. Der, Ph.D., and Loren Honaas, Ph.D. 30 Development and Evaluation of a Homology Model 12 What is the relationship between longevity and of Human Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Enzyme - Mark Rodriguez innate immunity in Drosophila melanogaster? - Elnaz Bagheri and Melanie Martinez - Advisor: Stevan Pecic, Ph.D. - Advisor: Parvin Shahrestani, Ph.D. 38 Developing a DNA Nano-Robot for 13 Size Matters: Comparative Morphology of Rockfish Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery Urogenital Papilla - Suzette Herrera, Allison Serrano, Daniel Arroyo, - Holly L. Suther and Axel Alvarez-Loya - Advisor: Kristy L. Forsgren, Ph.D. - Advisors: Madeline Rasche, Ph.D., and Nina Robson, Ph.D. 14 Do Rural and Suburban Coyotes Have Different Diets? A Comparison Using Stable Isotope Analysis 45 On Predictive CD Spectra For Mandelic Acid - Kaela Manalo And Other Small Chiral Organic Molecules, A - Advisor: Paul Stapp, Ph.D. Computational Approach - Steven Gonzalez Guillen 15 Experimental Evolution for Longevity - Advisor: Andrew Petit, Ph.D. Differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster - Karen Walsh and Melanie Garcia - Advisor: Parvin Shahrestani, Ph.D. 6 54 Geological Sciences 68 Mathematics 54 Using U-Pb Dating to Determine the Maximum 68 Incorporating Migration into an Age-Structured Depositional Ages and Provenance of the Cow Population Model with Variable Mortality Rate Creek and Fairview Metasedimentary Pendants, - Gabriel Martinez and Freddy Nungaray southern Sierra Nevada Mountains - Adviros: Laura Smith Chowdhury, Ph.D. - Christian Concha - Advisor: Diane Clemens-Knott, Ph.D. 79 Ivertible Polynomials and their Mirrors - Kenneth Eaves 61 Conditions And Persistence Of Mcdonald Well, - Advisor: Christopher Lyons, Ph.D. Bird Spring, And North Bird Spring In The Mojave Desert, San Bernardino County, California 89 Exploring Multi-Colored Peg Solitaire - Melissa Wong, Sonali Vyas, and Alexxis De - Eddie Reyes Lamere - Advisors: Jeffrey R. Knott, Ph.D., and Anna L. - Advisors: Roberto Soto, Ph.D., and Tara Davis, Garcia Ph.D. 62 Extending our view of a shallow-dipping Sierra Nevada Fault System south of Mount Whitney near 90 Longevity and Immune Defense, Evolutionary Lone Pine, California Trade-Offs in Drosophila melanogaster - Jackson Flanagan - Nayelie Y. Benitez Santos and Han Yin - Advisor: Phillip A. Armstrong, Ph.D. - Advisors: Parvin Shahrestani, Ph.D., and Sam Behseta, Ph.D. 65 The Nature of Textural and Compositional Variability in the Lake Vernon Granodiorite in 99 Gone With The Flu Western Yosemite National Park, CA. - Kristina Rosete, Taylor Salgado, Sonali Vyas - Jamie Hayward and Cullen Scheland - Advisor: Roberto Soto, Ph.D. - Advisor: Valbone Memeti, Ph.D. 100 Economical Generating Sets of the Monoid of Patial 66 Using Holocene sediments from North Yolla Order-preserving Injections Bolly Lake in the Northern Coast Range (CA) to - Saul Lopez investigate the California precipitation dipole - Advisor: Scott Annin, Ph.D. - Judith A. Avila, Joseph A. Carlin, Glen M. Macdonald, Alexandre Woodward, Jenifer Leidelmeijer, Jiwoo Han, and Benjamin Nauman 114 Physics - Advisor: Matthew E. Kirby, Ph.D. 114 Student Blending in Math and Physics Integration 67 Clast Provenance And Detrital Zircon Dating Of Problems Pliocene Fluvial Conglomerate: Implications For - Anthony Pina Paleohydrology Of Crooked Creek And Deep - Advisor: Michael Loverude, Ph.D. Springs Valley, California 115 The Stochastic Force Spectrum of a Micro-Swimmer - Lindsey M. Langer - Corbyn Jones and Mauricio Gomez - Advisors: Jeffrey R. Knott, Ph.D., Diane Clemens- - Advisor: Wylie Ahmed, Ph.D. Knott, Ph.D., and Anna Garcia 7 116 Building a Custom Microscope to Study Brownian Motion and Active Matter - Hunter Seyforth - Advisor: Wylie Ahmed, Ph.D. 117 Optical Tweezer Measurements in Chlamydomonas - Mauricio Gomez and Corbyn Jones - Advisor: Wylie Ahmed, Ph.D. 118 Vortex and Tendex Line Simulations of Head on Merging Black Holes - Samuel Rodriguez - Advisor: Geoffrey Lovelace, Ph.D. 119 Authors and Editors 8 Diffusible Iodine-Based Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography to Study Surf Perch (Embiotocidae) Reproductive Anatomy Andrew Jaramillo Advisor: Kristy L. Forsgren, Ph.D. Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton Title: Diffusible Iodine-Based Contrast-EnhancedThe surfperches Computed Tomography(Embiotocidae) to Study are aSurf family Perch of fishes study objective was to use a common medical diagnostic (Embiotocidae) Reproductive Anatomy that reside along the Pacific coast of California. A technique, computed tomography (CT) scanning, to gain distinctive life history trait of the surfperches is that a better