PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH VOLUME 178 CULTURAL NEUROSCIENCE: CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON BRAIN FUNCTION EDITED BY JOAN Y. CHIAO Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA AMSTERDAM – BOSTON – HEIDELBERG – LONDON – NEW YORK – OXFORD PARIS – SAN DIEGO – SAN FRANCISCO – SINGAPORE – SYDNEY – TOKYO Elsevier 360 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1710 Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands First edition 2009 Copyright r 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. 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Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN: 978-0-444-53361-6 (this volume) ISSN: 0079-6123 (Series) For information on all Elsevier publications visit our website at elsevierdirect.com Printed and bound in Great Britain 091011121310987654321 List of Contributors N. Ambady, Psychology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA A. Aron, Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA M.J. Boivin, International Neurologic and Psychiatric Epidemiology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing; Neuropsychology Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA R.A. Brown, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA Chuansheng Chen, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Chunhui Chen, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China J.Y. Chiao, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA S. Choudhury, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany M. Dapretto, FPR-UCLA Center for Culture, Brain and Development; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Social Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA F.B.M. de Waal, Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA S.M. Demorest, School of Music, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA J.F. Domı´nguez D., Howard Florey Institute; School of Philosophy, Anthropology and Social Inquiry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Q. Dong, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China G.F. Egan, Howard Florey Institute; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia J.B. Freeman, Psychology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA B. Giordani, Neuropsychology Section, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA J.O. Goh, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA A.H. Gutchess, Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA S. Han, Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China T. Hedden, McGovern Institute of Brain Research, M.I.T., Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA V. Horner, Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA M. Iacoboni, FPR-UCLA Center for Culture, Brain and Development; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Social Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA A. Indeck, Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA S. Ketay, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NY, USA H.S. Kim, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA v vi L.J. Kirmayer, Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University; Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada C.K. Frank, School of Psychology, Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA, USA E.D. Lewis, School of Philosophy, Anthropology and Social Inquiry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia S.-C. Li, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany Y. Liu, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA L. Malafouris, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK L. Mei, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China S.J. Morrison, School of Music, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA G. Northoff, Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany D.C. Park, Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA E.A. Reynolds Losin, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program; FPR-UCLA Center for Culture, Brain and Development; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA N.O. Rule, Psychology Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA M. Schaefer, Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany R. Seligman, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA D.K. Sherman, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA Y.-Y. Tang, Institute of Neuroinformatics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA S.E. Taylor, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA E. Temple, Department of Education Graduate Faculty in Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA R. Turner, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany G. Xue, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Preface Cultural neuroscience is a new, interdisciplinary field bridging cultural psychology, neurosciences, and neurogenetics that seeks to explain how neurobiological processes, such as genetic expression and brain function, give rise to cultural values, practices, and beliefs as well as how culture shapes neurobiological processes across macro- and micro-time scales. Although the formal study of cultural neuroscience has only recently emerged in the past decade, the question of how culture and biology mutually constitute each other has long been a source of philosophical and scientific curiosity, dating as far back as the 7th century. Nevertheless, the theoretical and empirical tools necessary to make progress in these outstanding questions has only recently become available, providing an unprecedented opportunity for scientists to make novel discoveries concerning the universality and diversity in the dynamic interplay of genes, brain, and behavior. There are several events over the past few years that have marked the arrival of cultural neuroscience as a rapidly growing field. First, notable cultural psychologists have demonstrated a growing interest in understanding how biology may give rise to cultural processes and vice versa by including the topic in the Handbook of Cultural Psychology and several symposia on cultural neuroscience at international cultural psychology meetings, such as Society for Personality and Social Psychology and American Psychological Society. A handful of smaller research workshop meetings held at Harvard University, University of Michigan, Hokkaido University, and Northwestern University between 2002 and 2009 also have played key roles in shaping the agenda for cultural neuroscience research. Cultural scientists trained in anthropology have showed similar interest by hosting a symposium on neuroanthropology at the American Anthropological Association meeting. Neuroscientists have also demonstrated increasing interest in incorporating cultural theory in the investigation of mind–brain mappings as demonstrated by strong attendance at symposia on cultural neuroscience at the international Organization of Human Brain Mapping meeting related presentations at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society meeting as well as inclusion of the topic in the Handbook of Social Neuroscience. Upcoming special issues in peer-reviewed journals such as Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience and Asian Journal