October 2013 SHELL CANADA ENERGY Appendix 7: JRP SIR 69a Cultural Effects Review Submitted to: Shell Canada Energy Project Number: 13-1346-0001 REPORT APPENDIX 7: JRP SIR 69a CULTURAL EFFECTS REVIEW Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Report Structure .................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Overview of Findings ........................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Shell’s Approach to Community Engagement ..................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Shell’s Support for Cultural Initiatives .................................................................................................................. 7 1.6 Key Terms ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.6.1 Traditional Knowledge .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.6.2 Traditional Land Use .................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6.3 Traditional Territories ................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6.4 Aboriginal Culture ........................................................................................................................................ 13 1.7 Pre-Development Context ................................................................................................................................. 14 1.7.1 Industrial Development ................................................................................................................................ 14 1.7.2 Population Growth ....................................................................................................................................... 16 1.7.3 Nation Building ............................................................................................................................................. 17 1.7.4 Treaty 8 ........................................................................................................................................................ 18 1.8 Aboriginal Groups .............................................................................................................................................. 21 1.8.1 Fort McKay First Nation and Fort McMurray #468 First Nation .................................................................... 22 1.8.2 Mikisew Cree First Nation ............................................................................................................................ 22 1.8.3 Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation .............................................................................................................. 23 1.8.4 Métis Locals #125 (Fort Chipewyan), #63 (Fort McKay), #1935 (Fort McMurray) ........................................ 24 2.0 CONNECTING TRADITIONAL LAND USE, CULTURE, LIFESTYLE AND QUALITY OF LIFE ................................... 24 3.0 EFFECTS ON TRADITIONAL LAND USE ..................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Meaningful Practice of Rights ............................................................................................................................ 25 3.2 Observed Effects Reported by Aboriginal Groups ............................................................................................. 26 3.2.1 Land Base .................................................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.2 Water Quantity ............................................................................................................................................. 27 3.2.3 Access ......................................................................................................................................................... 28 October 2013 Project No. 13-1346-0001 i APPENDIX 7: JRP SIR 69a CULTURAL EFFECTS REVIEW 3.2.4 Air, Soil and Water Quality ........................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.5 Noise, Odour and Visual Effects .................................................................................................................. 28 3.2.6 Preferred Species Quality, Abundance and Behaviour ................................................................................ 29 3.2.7 Responses to Observed Effects ................................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Assessed Effects on Traditional Land Use ........................................................................................................ 30 3.3.1 Summary of Traditional Land Use Assessment Results .............................................................................. 30 3.3.2 Additional Assessed Effects on Traditional Land Use .................................................................................. 33 4.0 CULTURE, LIFESTYLE AND QUALITY OF LIFE EFFECTS ........................................................................................ 41 5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .............................................................................................................................................. 43 6.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................................ 45 TABLES Table 3.3-1 2013 Base Case, 2013 PRM Application Case and 2013 Planned Development Case Disturbance Area by Type in First Nation Traditional Territories ..................................................................................... 34 Table 3.3-2 Comparison of Resident Hunter and Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo Populations ........................... 39 FIGURES Figure 1.6-1 First Nations Traditional Territories .............................................................................................................. 12 Figure 1.6-2 Elements of Aboriginal Culture .................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 1.7-1 Treaty 8 Map ............................................................................................................................................... 19 APPENDICES Attachment A Shell’s Commitment and Policies Regarding Culture Attachment B On-Reserve and Off-Reserve Population Trends Attachment C Baseline Application and Planned Development Case Disturbances in Traditional Territories Attachment D Hunting Trends in the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo Wildlife Management Units October 2013 Project No. 13-1346-0001 ii APPENDIX 7: JRP SIR 69a CULTURAL EFFECTS REVIEW 1.0 INTRODUCTION This review presents a discussion of the effects associated with the Pierre River Mine (PRM) and the cumulative effects of oil sands projects on elements of culture that Aboriginal Groups have identified as important to Aboriginal communities in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (generally the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo [RMWB] or the region). The reports where cultural elements are described are listed in Section 1.1, below. The purpose of this report is to respond to Joint Review Panel (JRP) Supplemental Information Request (SIR) 69a: Provide a cumulative assessment of the Project’s effects on Aboriginal culture, lifestyle and quality of life of Aboriginal persons for each First Nation or Aboriginal group potentially affected before and after reclamation using a pre-development baseline. Where possible this report links effects on Aboriginal culture to the PRM; however, effects on Aboriginal culture in the region are understood to be cumulative, as a result of all development, and institutional and societal changes over time. Cultural effects cannot be attributed to a single oil sands project in the context of development in northern Alberta. When preparing a concise review based on multiple, lengthy literature sources, it may be necessary to paraphrase, summarize and interpret TLU information from the source material. Due to this practical limitation, it is recommended that the Joint Review Panel, and other reviewers, further examine the referenced source material in its entirety to have a fulsome perspective of the TLU information provided in those documents. 1.1 Background Aboriginal groups have recently prepared several documents that are relevant to the review of cultural effects regarding oil sands development. This review focused on reports written and submitted by Aboriginal groups that pertain to the Shell Canada Energy (Shell) Jackpine Mine Expansion (JME) & PRM Project areas or submitted as evidence