DOCUMENT RESUME ED 217 278 CE-032 914 TITLE Measuring, Layout and Leveling Tools. Pre-Apprenticeship Phase 1 Training. INSTITUTION Lane Community Coll., Eugene, Oreg. SPONS AGENCY Employment and Training Administration (DOL), Washington, D.C.; Oregon State Dept. of Education, Salem. PUB DATE 79 NOTE 20p.; For related documents see CE 032 866-930 and ED 213 887-905. EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PCO1 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Behavioral Objectives; *Building Trades; Construction Industry; *Equipment Utilization; *Hand Tools; Individual Instruction; Learning Modules; *Measurement Equipment; Pacing; Postsecondary Education; Secondary Education; Tests; *Trade and c Industrial Education; Two Year Colleges IDENTIFIERS *Preapprenticeship Programs ABSTRACT This self-paced student training module on measuring, layout, and leveling tools is one of a number of modules developed for Pre-apprenticeship Phase 1 Training. Purpose of the module is to enable students to identify, explain, and demonstrate correct procedures for the use and care'of measuring tools, gauges, squares, and levels. The module may contain 'some or all of the following: a cover sheet listing module title, goal, and performance indicator; study guide/checklist with directions for module completion; introduction; information sheets providing information and graphics covering the module topic(s)'; self-assessment; self-assessment answers; post assessment; and post-assessment answers. (YLB) *********************************************************************** Reprc.:':1ctions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ************************************************0*********************** INDiveukunoLIAIMING SVSTIMS Wee-- IWPAplirasitiP Qi Are- AL 77 64-auliva- MEASURING, LAYOUT AND LEVELINGTOOLS C) 00 CAD PerformanceIndicators: At the completionof this module, The student willsuccessfully complete students will beable to identify, a Self Assessment exam, and eitheran exolain and demonstratecorrect Assignmentpage or a Post Assessment procedures for theuse and care of exam. measuring tools, gauges, squares and levels. U.S. DEPARTMENT DF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THI EOUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED B CENTER IERIC) his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been made to improve . Florpfrap reproduction quality 4 . Points of view or opinions stated in this docu ment do not necessanty represent official ME TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE Position or policy INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." ©Copyright 1679, Oregon Departmentof Education 2 INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNING_SYSTEMS Study Guide For successful completion of this module, complete the steps in the orderlisted below, checking each one offas you complete it. Read the Goal and Performance Indicatorson the cover of this module to determine what you will be expectedto gain. Read the Introduction to discover this module's importanceto you and your trade. 2. Study the Information section ofthe module to acquire the knowledge necessary to answer the exam questions which follow. 3. Complete the Self Assessmentexam, referring to the Information section or asking your instructor where help is needed. It is recommendedyou score well on this exam before proceeding. 4. Complete the Post Assessmentexam, and turn your answer sheets in to your instructor for grading, or complete the Assignment page as instructed. It is recommended thatyou score at least 90% on the Post Assessmentor satisfy your instructor by demonstrating thorough and completeknowledge of the subject beforegoing on to the next module. 3 A. INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNINGSYSTEMS UM 11111.101. 1. Introduction A thorough knowledge of the basictools and techniques employed formeasurement, layout and levelingis of primary importance toevery skilled worker. every phase of In almost every job in theconstruction trades, such toolsare needed for establishing andchecking sizes and dimensions, lines,and angles, and that lines and for ensuring surfaces are levelor plumb. Each trade has itsown measuring problems and methods ofsolving them. described in this The tools topic are incommon use in all the construction trades. Oa. INDIVIDUALIZED LEARNING SYSTEMS Information MOLAR MEASUREMENT TOOLS The measurement and layout of angles can be done with a common protractor if great accuracy is not required. (See Fig. E-1), More suitable tools--the combination square with a protractor head or the carpenter's steel square, for example--can be employed when the job calls for more accurate measurement and layout of angles. Regardless of the tools or methods used, however, the mechanic will find thata basic knowledge of the geometry of angles will be needed for all work of this kind. OPOURNrp SO. 001 04 00% °A.,a. Fig. E-1. Protractor BeLeff No. 893 An angle is formed by two straight lines meeting ata point. If the lines cross (intersect), four angles will be formed around the point ofintersection. If the crossing lines are perpendicular (square) to each other, four right angles (square-. cornered angles) will be Formed. Each right angle is divisible into 90 equal parts, called degrees, which are indicated by the symbol (°). The four right angles added together thus equal 360°, which is also the angular measurement'around thecircum- ference of a circle. Each degree is divisible into 60 equal parts called seconds o ("). o Half of a right angles 's 45 ; a third 30; and two thirds, 60°. 45° angle is often called a miter angle; this is the angle employed for eachof the joining ends of the pieces making up a rectangular picture frame. MEASURING TAPES AND RULES Measuring tapes and rules commonly used includE steel tapes, pocketor "push-pull" rules, and spring-joint ("zigzag") rules. Tapes and rules are available with a variety ofscale markings, including measure, or Englishmeasure, metric some combination measure, engineers' of thesemeasures. STEEL TAPES A measuring tape consists of aflexible, enclosed in a graduated a case, with tape rolledon a drum and a handleor a spring to 200 ft.in length mechanism for are manufactured rewinding. Tapes 50 for measuring may be usedfor rough long distances. measuring,but for A cloth-tape The ringat the end accurate workthe steel of thetape is tape ispreferred. providedso that the a nail, anda hook tape end may be included may be slippedover on the ringto permit corner; thesefeatures anchoring the permitan unassisted tape ata worker to measurements. On some use the tape tapes, the for makinglong ring; measurement begins on others,a blank at the space precedes outside edgeof the the zeropoint. rfflihk.? . - I 1.,1t0 POI Nr--I- 7lb ih471717-1-51.17.14 Fig. E-2 A steeltape is, aprecision instrument. It must be clean anr1dry. handled The tapeshould be carefully andkept against the pulled straightout of the opening. case--never bent The extendedtape should back .Steel tapes not be should twisted,bent, or periodicallybe wiped steppedon. is especially with a lightly oiledrag; this important whenthe tape precaution is beingused cluring'dampweather. SPRING-JOINT ("ZIGZAG")RULES The spring-jointof "Zigzag" rule isa pocket connected bymeans of folding rulewhose 6-in. spring-loaded, sectionsare unfolded, locking swivel one at a time, joints.The sections untilas much of are particular the ruleis extended measuringjob. as is needed Rules of for the ft. or 8 this typeare made of ft. longwhen fully wood,or extended. metal'andare 6 Like tapes,they are available ina wide variety of scale markings. The common zigzag rule is markedon both sides, each side having figures reading from leftto right. The "two-way" rule has figures reading from left to right on one side and from right to left on the other. The extension-type rule has a^graduatedmetal slide fitted into one end for convenience in making inside measurements or measuring the depths of holes. (See Fig. E- .) ;21Gir r-HAND !ADINGSIDE 1--2 1=-, 3,I-. 4 war 5 9 67 .-6 6.7 r1.1,(:1 6iVr.- , .1141.1'.'11 7..,2___7...,,,,I, $ 4,----...;/, II "Pi;170;ii, - ,....,.........,------w ,,,,LEI. 1'.111ND ItEADINc,SIDE (, I ....._v t, /5.,:r., /4, /3 , 5fi' 2 1,1 ,,,"1 ,4, II .*11111111.111111.4 /' wa./.1..,4.11.4 JJ.Lif:11/1,11,'Y., --- .1 ..,......3. C 2 "TWO 1t.."": 12111,E Ii RULE Fig. E-3 LAYOUT TOOLS A variety of common and special-purpose tools are used in the layout ofa building. These tools include the ruler O. or straightedge; the steel square; the dry-wall T- square; the try- and - miter' square; the combinationsquare; the T-bevel; the wing divider; the scriber; and thecotton or nylon line. a RULER OR STRAIGHTEDGE Any straight-edged tool, suchas a ruler or a steel square, may be used in marking straight lines, provided it is longer than the distance between the two pointsto be connected. P A tool made specifically for thispurpose is usually called a straightedge. Straightedges are often madeon the job of seasoned, warp-resistant wood. They may be beveled on one edge or both, and their edgesare sometimes graduated so that they can be used for measuring. The builder's straightedge, which is used in conjunction with a spirit level, will be described later in thistopic. STEEL SQUARE The steel square (carpenter's framing square)_is accurately machined-to a right- -(-- 902) angle from a single piece of metal. The longer arm of the tool is calledthe body or the blade; it is usually 24 in. long. The shorter arm, called thetongue, is usually 16 in. long. (See Fig. E-4.) Id: 21, oIN ,8 17 i0 05 14 'IL I tie .I. v)01.100 E?:,.,71::.1 III 1,I I° II.,,r." TII,,Ii#,."(-' 0 TONGUE STEE I. FQUA RE 1.311VV, A LI, T-SQUARE Fig. E-4 The steel square it a versatile iiiiiasurement tool whose uses go far beyond themere testing of a piece of material for"squareness." The squahe has graduations in eighths, sixteenths, twelfths, tenths,and hundredthsof an inch along the inside and outside edges of the tongue and the blade. Various measurement scales and tables includA on both sides (the face and the back) of the tool simplifythe calculations for laying out rafters, spacing studs and joists,.and layingall angles.