Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89792-1 - Commercial Agreements and Social Dynamics in Medieval Genoa Quentin Van Doosselaere Index More information Index Abd-el-Mumin, 34 partner selection patterns, 114–15, 127, Adorno, Doge, 174 154–5, 168–9 Adorno family, 157, 161, 164 power and influence Africa, 53 cross-status alliances, 121–2 agriculture, employment opportunities financial, 175 in, 88 political, 120–1, 122–3, 174–5 Albaro, Martino de, 144 public office and public debt, 43–5 alberghi. See also aristocratic elite; status mobility, 96, 97–9 mercantile elite as underwriters, 202 cohesion, 200–2 Artesian family, 154 elite cohesion, 205–7 artisans family survival, predictors of, 199 commenda contracts, use of, 70, 72–3 formation of, 176–8, 179–82 credit agreements, use of, 137 leading families, 197–9 credit network vs. commenda network merchant network, importance in, participation, 140–2 180–2 economic opportunities political power, 181–2, 199, 206 competition for local production, in transforming social organization, 170, 89–90 177–80 shipboard employment, 87 underwriting, partner-selection patterns as small service providers, 88 affiliate vs. intra-alberghi, 180 partner-selection patterns, 115–16 intra-core, 201, 202–5 partnerships, 91 reciprocity expectations in, 205–7 trade associations, 90 Alegio of Bonifacio, 142 Auda, sister of Obertus Boletus, 82–3 Amalfi, 48 Avvocato family, 39 aristocratic elite. See also alberghi; nobility Balard, Michel, 15, 76, 96 change in composition of, 99 Baldwin of Jerusalem, 34 commenda contracts, use of, 165–6 bankers, 93, 149, 158–61 Crusades, participation in, 32 Barbarossa, 61 income sources, 96–7 the bazaar, 53 lineage dynamics and politics, 97–9 Bearman, Peter, 13, 112, 200 long-distance trade participation Belardungo, Belardo, 156 commenda network, 94, 96, 114–15 Bellamuto, 41 credit network, 127, 154–5, 165–7, Benedict VIII, 30 168–9 bilateral commenda, 65, 67 social relationships and, 78 block modeling, 197 255 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89792-1 - Commercial Agreements and Social Dynamics in Medieval Genoa Quentin Van Doosselaere Index More information 256 Index Boccanegra, Gugliemo, 121–2 profit and risk, 21, 65, 67, 68–9, 77–8 Boccanegra, Simone, 122–3 research Boiteux, L. A., 189, 207 data set, 15–17, 64 Boletus, Obertus, 82–3 geographical component, 76–8 Bombel, Giacomo de, 131 periodicity, 63 Book of Roads and Provinces, The terms, 64–5 (Ibn Khurdadhbeh), 53 written records, importance of, 103 Braudel, Fernand, 9, 118–19, 207 commenda network Brusco family, 39 credit network compared, 147, 169 Byzantine Empire, 27 hierarchical dynamic, 104–9 morphological changes Caffaro, 36, 41 occupational rewiring, 115–17 cambium maritimum/cambium nauticum, social rewiring, 111 133–5, 183 status rewiring, 113–15 Campis family, 162 structural integration, 109–11, 114–15 Campofregoso family, 157, 164 commenda network architecture, 147 Canella, 41 commenda network dynamics Canneto, Giovanni de, 144 introduction, 100–1 Canneto, Rufino del, 156 occupational rewiring, 115–17 capitalism. See also merchant network; participant relationship ties merchants 1154–1315, 219 feudalism’s transition to, 3–5 1198–1215, 101 rise of of centrality, 104–5, 107–9, 110–11 commercial expansion role in, 61–2 collaboration, 107 maritime insurance in, 186–7 connectedness, 104–9 merchants network in, 118–19 connectedness-cohesion-adhesion resource pooling in, 210 integration, 109–11, 114–15 social bonds and, 11–12, 207, 213–14 indirect, 106–7 Caschifeloni de, 41 nodal degree distribution, 223–5 Castello, Primo de, 33 social rewiring, 111 Castello, Zaccaria de, 97 status rewiring, 113–15 Castello family, 39 commenda network participants Champagne fairs, 21, 72, 77, 155 credit network participants compared, Charlemagne, 47, 48, 53 140–4 Charles VI, 173 diversity of Chioggia, 173, 174 gender, 82–5, 140, 142–4 chreokoinonia agreement, 68 introduction, 78–80 Church occupational, 86–93, 140–2, 217 education of clerics, 91–2 onomastic considerations, 80–2 power and influence of, 41–3 status and politics, 85, 93–9 ruling on interest collected on loans, 134 partner-selection patterns, 80–2, 101–4, Cibo family, 16 111–17, 168 Cipolla, Carlo, 58 relationship ties Citarella, Armando O., 48 1154–1315, 219 commenda contracts 1198–1215, 101 autonomy and improvisation in traveler of centrality, 104–5, 107–9, 110–11 decision making, 73–8 collaboration, 107 capital goods of, 69–73 connectedness, 104–9 conclusion, 209–10 nodal degree distribution, 223–5 credit agreements compared, 66–7, research 128–9 onomastic considerations, 80–2 demise of, 62, 67, 169 partner data set, 101–4, 112–14 eastern framework compared, 67–70 political data set, 96–100 immigrants’ use of, 152 tracing lineage, 95–6 introduction, 62, 63–4 commercial agreements. See also specific origin, 67–9 types of agreements payout structure, 65, 67 diversity of participants, 3 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89792-1 - Commercial Agreements and Social Dynamics in Medieval Genoa Quentin Van Doosselaere Index More information Index 257 research data available, 14, 15–17 changes in, 150–1, 165–7 social foundation of, 5–8, 11–12 foreigners, 152–5 commoners Ligurians, 151–2 cross-status alliances, 121–2 credit relationships, 125–7 long-distance trade participation, 30, 70 faction boundaries, 127 mercantile elite, emergence into, 3–4, partner-selection patterns 161–5 cross-status alliances, 168–9 occupations of participants in long- foreign merchants, 154–5 distance trade, 86–93, 217 kinship ties, 154 political control by, 121–3, 174 places of origin, 138, 139 public policy financing, 44 relationship ties social division by status, 123 collaboration, 127 wealth building, 120, 122 occupational, 149, 155–61 Conrad II, 37 places of origin, 149, 150–5 consorteria, 176 of sea loan creditors, 131 contado, 28, 38, 39 status, 150 Corsio family, 162 status distribution Costa, Oberto de, 142 aristocrats, 165–7 craftsmen. See artisans commoners, 161–5 credit agreements status stratification in formation of the commendae compared, 66–7, 128–9 mercantile elite, 161–9 conclusion, 211 credit rates, long-distance, 21, 130 enforcement of contracts, 136 Croce, Pietro della, 74, 129 interest rates, 21, 132 Crusades, 31–4 introduction, 123–4 primary types of, 128–9 Datini, Francesco di Marco, 193 profitability, 128–9, 130, 136, 137 d’Este family, 38 research Doria, Ansaldo, 44 data set, 124–7 Doria, Filippo, 38 periodicity, 127–8 Doria, Jacopo, 172 credit agreements, specific Doria, Pietro, 141 exchange contracts, 131–5, 183 Doria family, 98, 107, 121–2, 127 personal surety, 137–9 double-entry bookkeeping, 8 promissory notes, 126, 135–7 drapers, 137, 155–8 sea loans, 129–31, 135, 183 dry exchange, 134 credit network Dutch India Company, 8 commenda compared, 147, 169 density, 146–8 Eastern commerce network, 53–6 exchange contracts growth, 133, 135 economic development as framework for routinized traders, capital allocation for industrial growth, 144–5 89–90 introduction, 118–20 centralization-connectedness relationship recruitment elements and, 111 introduction, 148–50 competition for local production, occupational, 149, 155–61 89–90 places of origin, 149 coordination mechanisms in, 7 status, 150 enforcement mechanisms in, 7 success, factors of, 169 entrepreneurship, 87–8 credit network architecture, 166 historical context for decline in, 171–5 credit network participants social foundation of, 3, 5–8 artisans emergence as, 149 Edler-de Roover, Florence, 184 career length, 144–6, 154 education, demand for, 91–2 characteristics, commenda participants elite conflict theory, 4 compared Embriaco, Gugliemo, 33 gender, 140, 142–4 Embriaco family, 39 occupational, 140–2 Epstein, S. A., 7, 10–11, 91, 120, composition of 173, 177 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89792-1 - Commercial Agreements and Social Dynamics in Medieval Genoa Quentin Van Doosselaere Index More information 258 Index Epstein, S. R., 35, 121 Genoa (1100–1199) equity partnerships. See commenda economy contracts Crusades’ effect on, 32–4 ergo mercator sum, 79, 139 fleet, size of, 88 exchange contracts (cambium), 126, 131–5, growth in, 62 183 exports, 71 foreign trade, demand for, 153–5 Farmons, Ottone, 71 immigration, 152 Felisano family, 199 patrimonial social system, 3–4 feudal elite. See also Genoa Commune podesta regime, 120–1 (1090–) population, 61 allegiance to the Commune, 35–6 purchasing power, 20, 40, 215 the Church and, 41–3 urban nobility commercialization of rights, 39–41 hereditary privileges accorded to, 39 families of, 38, 39 sale of feudal hereditary rights to, long-distance trade participation, 30 39–41 military tradition, 32 Genoa (1200–1299) public office and public debt, 43–5 1257 revolution, 121–2 seignorial control over, 38–43 economy warrior class of, 35–6 growth in, 62 feudalism historical context for decline in, 171–5 in medieval society, evidence confirming, purchasing power, 215 27–30 emergence as a major commercial power, organizational structure, 104 57–60 transition to capitalism, 3–5, 14–17 exports, 71–2 Fieschi, Simona, 127 Genoa (1300–1450) Fieschi family, 45, 107, 127, 199 purchasing power (income and prices), foenus nauticum. See sea loans 215 fondaco (commercial quarters), 34, 50 Genoa Commune (1090–). See also feudal Fornario, Raffaele, 190 elite Fornario family, 155 beginnings, 27–8 Franchi family, 161, 163–4 commoners’ financial power in,