Zootaxa 3879 (1): 001–327 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD ZOOTAXA 3879 The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera ART BORKENT Research Associate of the Royal British Columbia Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, and Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad 691-8th Ave. SE, Salmon Arm, British Columbia, V1E 2C2, Canada. E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by L. Hernandez: 6 Aug. 2014; published: 31 Oct. 2014 ART BORKENT The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera (Zootaxa 3879) 327 pp.; 30 cm. 31 Oct. 2014 ISBN 978-1-77557-569-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-570-2 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2014 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2014 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3879 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press BORKENT Table of contents Abstract . 4 Introduction . 5 Materials and Methods . 7 Warning to Readers . 10 Morphology and Glossary of the Pupal Structures of Ceratopogonidae . 11 Features of Pupae Reflecting Adult Morphology . 19 Descriptions and Terms used by Previous Authors . 20 Pupal Behaviour . 21 Worldwide Generic Key to Pupae of Ceratopogonidae. 24 Description of the Genera of Ceratopogonidae . 37 Subfamily Leptoconopinae Noè . 37 Austroconops Wirth & Lee . 37 Leptoconops Skuse . 38 Subfamily Forcipomyiinae Lenz. 40 Forcipomyia Meigen. 40 Atrichopogon Kieffer . 43 Subfamily Dasyheleinae Lenz . 45 Dasyhelea Kieffer. 45 Subfamily Ceratopogoninae Newman. 49 Tribe Culicoidini Kieffer. 49 Culicoides Latreille. 49 Paradasyhelea Macfie . 52 Tribe Ceratopogonini . 54 Ceratopogon Meigen . 54 Brachypogon Kieffer . 55 Alluaudomyia Kieffer . 57 Baeodasymyia Clastrier & Raccurt. 59 Austrohelea Wirth & Grogan . 60 Stilobezzia Kieffer. 61 Schizonyxhelea Clastrier. 64 Serromyia Meigen. 67 Allohelea Kieffer . 68 Monohelea Kieffer . 69 Atyphohelea Borkent . 71 Parabezzia Malloch . 72 Echinohelea Macfie . 74 Tribe Heteromyiini Wirth . 75 Clinohelea Kieffer . 75 Heteromyia Say . 76 Pellucidomyia Macfie . 77 Tribe Hebetulini new tribe. 79 Hebetula Wirth & Debenham . ..