A Transit Oriented Development Proposal for the Fourth and King Caltrain Station in San Francisco A Senior Project Presented To The Faculty of the City and Regional Planning Department California Polytechnic State University – San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science By Samuel Fluhmann May 2021 © 2021 – Samuel Frederic Fluhmann i --This Page Is Intentionally Left Blank— ii Approval Page Title: A Transit Oriented Development Proposal for the Fourth and King Caltrain Station in San Francisco Author: Samuel Frederic Fluhmann Date Submitted: Cornelius Nuworsoo, Ph.D., AICP. ____________________ _____________ Senior Project Advisor Signature Date Michael Boswell, Ph.D., AICP. ______________________ _____________ Department Head Signature Date iii --This Page Is Intentionally Left Blank-- iv Acknowledgements Thank you to Professor Cornelius Nuworsoo, my senior project advisor, for guiding me through the process and steps throughout the development of this project. I cannot thank you enough for the advice and guidance you have given me throughout this project. Thank you to Deputy Chief of Planning at Caltrain, Sebastian Petty, for providing me with materials for background research and some helpful tools to help me conduct my research. Special thanks to the following agencies for providing me with obtaining information for this research project: - Caltrain - The Peninsula Joint Powers Board - SamTrans - The City of San Francisco Planning Department - California High-Speed Rail Authority California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo Finally, special thanks to my family and many friends for assisting me along the way for their support and assistance. I truly can never thank them enough for helping me get this far. v Table of Contents Approval Page .............................................................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. x Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Background and Existing Conditions ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and History ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Demographics ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Zoning.................................................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 Project Area ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Existing Services & Amenities ............................................................................................................. 8 1.5.1 Site Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.5.2 Current Levels of Transportation and Movement ..................................................................... 13 1.5.3 Neighborhood Safety ................................................................................................................. 14 1.5.4 Project Need & Importance: ...................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2: Typology and Principles ............................................................................................................ 17 2.1 Transit-Oriented Development ......................................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.2 Emergence in the United States ................................................................................................ 18 2.1.3 Transit-Oriented Development Benefits and Problems............................................................. 18 2.1.4 Relation to the Project Site ........................................................................................................ 19 2.2 Complete Streets .............................................................................................................................. 19 2.2.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Emergence in the United States ................................................................................................ 20 2.2.3 Compete Streets Benefits and Problems ................................................................................... 20 2.2.4 Relation to the Project Site ........................................................................................................ 21 2.3 Pedestrian Mall ................................................................................................................................. 22 2.3.1 Overview .................................................................................................................................... 22 2.3.2 Emergence in the United States ................................................................................................ 23 vi 2.3.3 Pedestrian Malls Benefits and Problems ................................................................................... 24 2.3.4 Relation to the Project Site ........................................................................................................ 24 Chapter 3: Case Studies .............................................................................................................................. 26 3.1 Chapter Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 26 3.2 Primary Examples: ............................................................................................................................. 26 Washington Union Station – Washington D.C. USA. .......................................................................... 26 Miami-Central Brightline Station – Miami, Florida. USA. ................................................................... 30 Capitol Hill Light Rail Station – Seattle, Washington. USA. ................................................................. 34 3.3 Other Examples ................................................................................................................................. 37 Chapter 4: Project Study Area .................................................................................................................... 40 4.1 Current Conditions ............................................................................................................................ 40 4.2 Opportunities and Constraints .......................................................................................................... 46 4.2.1 Opportunities: ............................................................................................................................ 46 4.2.2 Constraints: ................................................................................................................................ 48 4.3 Goals and Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 50 Goal 1: Multimodal Transportation Access Within and Around the Project Site Area. ...................... 50 Goal 2: A Sustainable Community and Economic Growth for the Surrounding Mission Bay and South of Market Neighborhoods................................................................................................................... 51 Goal 3: An Equitable New Neighborhood Design and Planning Process. ........................................... 52 Goal 4: The New Fourth and King Railyards as a Central Destination for the Neighborhood and Surrounding Area. ............................................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 5: Design Proposals ....................................................................................................................... 55 5.1 Proposal Vision .................................................................................................................................. 55 5.2 Land Uses .......................................................................................................................................... 56 Public ..................................................................................................................................................