January 2000 Number 1 Comparative Parasitology Formerly the Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington A semiannual journal of research devoted to Helminthology and all branches of Parasitology BROOKS, D. R., AND"£. P. HOBERG. Triage for the Biosphere: Hie Need and Rationale for Taxonomic Inventories and Phylogenetic Studies of Parasites/ MARCOGLIESE, D. J., J. RODRIGUE, M. OUELLET, AND L. CHAMPOUX. Natural Occurrence of Diplostomum sp. (Digenea: Diplostomatidae) in Adult Mudpiippies- and Bullfrog Tadpoles from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec __ COADY, N. R., AND B. B. NICKOL. Assessment of Parenteral P/agior/iync^us cylindraceus •> (Acatithocephala) Infections in Shrews „ . ___. 32 AMIN, O. M., R. A. HECKMANN, V H. NGUYEN, V L. PHAM, AND N. D. PHAM. Revision of the Genus Pallisedtis (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) with the Erection of Three New Subgenera, the Description of Pallisentis (Brevitritospinus) ^vietnamensis subgen. et sp. n., a Key to Species of Pallisentis, and the Description of ,a'New QuadrigyridGenus,Pararaosentis gen. n. , ..... , '. _. ... ,- 40- SMALES, L. R.^ Two New Species of Popovastrongylns Mawson, 1977 (Nematoda: Gloacinidae) from Macropodid Marsupials in Australia ."_ ^.1 . 51 BURSEY, C.,R., AND S. R. GOLDBERG. Angiostoma onychodactyla sp. n. (Nematoda: Angiostomatidae) and'Other Intestinal Hehninths of the Japanese Clawed Salamander,^ Onychodactylns japonicus (Caudata: Hynobiidae), from Japan „„ „..„. 60 DURETTE-DESSET, M-CL., AND A. SANTOS HI. Carolinensis tuffi sp. n. (Nematoda: Tricho- strongyUna: Heligmosomoidea) from the White-Ankled Mouse, Peromyscuspectaralis Osgood (Rodentia:1 Cricetidae) from Texas, U.S.A. 66 AMIN, O. M., W. S. EIDELMAN, W. DOMKE, J. BAILEY, AND G. PFEIFER. An Unusual ^ Case of Anisakiasis in California, U.S.A. 1 71 KRITSKY, D. C., E. F. MENDOZA-FRANCO, AND T. SCHOLZ. Neotropical Mpnogenoidea. 36. Dactylogyrids from the Gills of Rhamdia guatemalensis (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from Cenotes of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, with Proposal of Ameloblastella gen. n. and Aphanoblastella gen. ,n. (Dactylogyridae: Ancyrocephalinae) , : __. • • •"' ..•'-.;•.' ,-.' 76 MENDOZA-FRANCO, p., V. VIDAL-MARTINEZ, L.'AGUIRRE-MACEDO, R. RODR!GUEZ- CANUL, AND T. SCHOLZ. Species of Sciadicleithrum (Dactylogyridae: .Ancyrocephalinae) of Cichlid Fishes from Southeastern Mexico and Guatemala: New Morphological Data and Host and Geographical Records _^ ;: . ;/. • -~ ___^ 85 (Continued on Outside Back Cover) Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington THE SOCIETY meets approximately five times per year for the presentation and discussion of papers in any and all branches of parasitology or related sciences. All interested persons are invited to attend. Persons interested in membership in the Helminthological Society of Washington may obtain ap- plication blanks in recent issues of COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY. A year's subscription to -COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY is included in the annual dues of $25100 domestic and $28.00 foreign. Institutional subscriptions are $50.00 per year. Applications for membership, accompanied by payments, may be sent to the Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer, Nancy D. Pacheco, 9708 DePaul Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, U.S.A. The HelmSoc internet home page is located at>http://www.gettysburg.edu/~shendrix/helmsoc.html OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR 2000 President: - DENNIS J. RICHARDSON Vice President-. LYNN K. CARTA Corresponding Secretary-Treasurer'. NANCY D. PACHECO Recording Secretary: W. PATRICK CARNEY Archivist/Librarian: PATRICIA A. PILOT Custodian of Back Issues: J.RALPH LICHTENFELS Representative to the American Society of Parasitologists: ERIC P. 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Papers are accepted with the understanding that they will be published only in the journal. REPRINTS may be ordered from-the PRINTER at the same time the corrected proof is returned to the EDITORS. _ ; - ; AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTIONS .to publication costs (currently $50/page for members, $100/page for-non-members) will be billed by Allen Press and are payable to the Society. :BACK VOLUMES of COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY are available. Inquiries concerning back volumes and current subscriptions should be directed to the business office. BUSINESS OFFICE. The Society's business office is at Lawrence, Kansas. All inquiries concerning subscriptions or back issues and all payments for dues, subscriptions, and back issues should be addressed to: Helminthological Society of Washington, % Allen Press, Inc., 1041JNew Hampshire St., Xawrence, Kansas 66044, U.S.A. EDITORIAL BOARD WILLIS A. REID, JR. & VJANET W. REID, Editors 2000 2001 > 2002 ROY C. ANDERSON WALTER A BOEGER DANIEL R. BROOKS RALPH P. ECKERLIN WILLIAM F. FONT '-, ' HIDEO HASEGAWA HOBIN 'N. HUETTEL DONALD FORRESTER SHERMAN S. HENDRLX FUADM.NAHHAS J. RALPH LICHTENFELS JAMES E.JOY DANNY B.-PENCE JOHN S. MACKIEWICZ DAVTD MARCQGLIESE JOSEPH E URBAN BRENT NICKOL •> DANTE S. ZARLENGA © The Hehnintholbgical Society of Washington 2000 "' <*-. •/-•: ISSN 1049-233X This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington Comp. Parasitol. 67(1). 2000 pp. 1-25 Triage for the Biosphere: The Need and Rationale for Taxoiiomic Inventories and Phylogeiietic Studies of Parasites DANIEL R. BROOKS' AND ERIC P. HoBERG2 ^ 1 Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]) and 2 Biosystematics and National Parasite Collection Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, BARC East No. 1 180, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20715, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]). ABSTRACT: A parasitological perspective in biodiversity survey and inventory provides powerful insights into the history, structure, and maintenance of the biosphere. Parasitology contributes a powerful conceptual paradigm or landscape that links ecology, systematics, evolution, biogeography, behavior, and an array of biological phenomena from the molecular to the organismal level across the continuum of microparasites to macroparasites and their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Effective survey and inventory can be strategically focused or can take a synoptic approach, such as that represented by the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. We argue that parasitology should be an integral component of any programs for biodiversity assessment on local, regional, or global scales. Taxonomists, who constitute the global taxasphere, hold the key to the development of effective surveys and inventories and eventual linkage to significant environmental and socioeconomic issues. The tax- asphere is like a triage team. The "battlefield" is the biosphere, and the "war" is human activities that degrade the biosphere. Sadly, at the point in time that we reali/,e we have documented only a tiny portion of the world's diversity, and want to document more, we find that one of the most rare and declining groups of biologists is the taxasphere. This taxonomic impediment, or critical lack of global taxonomic expertise recognized by Sys- tematics Agenda 2000 and DIVERSITAS, prevents initiation and completion of biodiversity research programs at a critical juncture, where substantial components of global diversity are threatened. The Convention for Biological Diversity mandates that we document the biosphere more fully, and as a consequence, it is necessary to revitalize the taxasphere. One foundation for development of laxonomic expertise and knowledge is the Global Taxonomy Initiative and its 3 structural components: (1) systematic inventory, (2) predictive classifications, and (3) systematic knowledge bases. We argue that inclusion of parasites is critical to the success of the Global Taxonomy Initiative. Predictive databases that integrate ecological and phylogenetic knowledge from the study of parasites are synergistic, adding substantially greater ecological, historical, and biogeographic context for the study of the biosphere than that derived from data on free-living organisms alone. KEY WORDS: biodiversity, biosphere. Global Taxonomy Initiative, inventory, parasites, phylogeny, survey, taxonomy. A Biodiversity Perspective knowledge. They can (1) focus on local, region- Biodiversity represents a continuum across a al> or §lobal scales^ (2> emphasize a specific tax- variety of scales, encompassing numerical, eco- on (e-g- host or parasite) or ecosystem; (3) be logical, and phylogenetic components within a oriented in strategic or problem-based perspec- temporal-spatial