S. HRG. 108–308 ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS: ENCROACHMENT ON MILITARY TRAINING? HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION APRIL 2, 2003 ON THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS UPON MILITARY TRAINING PROCEDURES AND UPON THE NATION’S DEFENSE SECURITY Printed for the use of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 91–745 PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 16:39 Feb 25, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 91745 SENENV1 PsN: SENENV1 COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma, Chairman JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia JAMES M. JEFFORDS, Vermont CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri MAX BAUCUS, Montana GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio HARRY REID, Nevada MICHAEL D. CRAPO, Idaho BOB GRAHAM, Florida LINCOLN CHAFEE, Rhode Island JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut JOHN CORNYN, Texaa BARBARA BOXER, California LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska RON WYDEN, Oregon CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON, New York ANDREW WHEELER, Majority Staff Director KEN CONNOLLY, Minority Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 16:39 Feb 25, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 91745 SENENV1 PsN: SENENV1 CONTENTS Page APRIL 2, 2003 OPENING STATEMENTS Allard, Hon. Wayne, U.S. Senator from the State of Colorado ............................ 8 Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senator from the State of California ........................ 10 Letter, City of Rialto, California ..................................................................... 12 Carper, Hon. Thomas R., U.S. Senator from the State of Delaware ................... 37 Cornyn, Hon. John, U.S. Senator from the State of Texas .................................. 34 Article, Birds and Warriors, Wall Street Journal .......................................... 36 Crapo, Hon. Michael D., U.S. Senator from the State of Idaho ........................... 18 Inhofe, Hon. James M., U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma .................... 1 Jeffords, Hon. James M., U.S. Senator from the State of Vermont .................... 2 Memorandum, issues relating to the hearing on encroachment, prepared by minority staff ............................................................................................ 6 Lieberman, Hon. Joseph I., U.S. Senator from the State of Connecticut ........... 14 Memorandum, exemptions of military training requirements under envi- ronmental laws, Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz ................. 15 Reid, Hon. Harry, U.S. Senator from the State of Nevada .................................. 18 Thomas, Hon. Craig, U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming .......................... 9 Wyden, Hon. Ron, U.S. Senator from the State of Oregon .................................. 10 WITNESSES Benevento, Douglas, Executive Director, Colorado Department of Public Health And Environment .................................................................................... 46 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 204 Clark, Jamie, Senior Vice President for Conservation Programs, National Wildlife Federation .............................................................................................. 48 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 209 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Graham ........................................................................................ 231 Senator Jeffords ......................................................................................... 230 Cohen, Bonner, Senior Fellow, Lexington Institute .............................................. 51 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 235 Cohen, Hon. Benedict S., Deputy General Counsel for Environment and In- stallations, Department of Defense .................................................................... 20 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 58 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 84 Senator Graham ........................................................................................ 77 Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 70 Senator Jeffords ......................................................................................... 81 Senator Reid .............................................................................................. 88 Gaffney, Frank J., Jr., President and CEO, Center for Security Policy ............. 40 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 115 Responses to additional questions from Senator Inhofe ............................... 116 Holman, Barry W., Director, Defense Infrastructure Issues, General Account- ing Office ............................................................................................................... 41 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 118 Responses to additional questions from Senator Inhofe ............................... 126 Lindemann, Ingrid, Council Member, Aurora, Colorado, National League of Cities Advisory Council ....................................................................................... 50 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 232 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 16:39 Feb 25, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 91745 SENENV1 PsN: SENENV1 IV Page Lindemann, Ingrid, Council Member, Aurora, Colorado, National League of Cities Advisory Council—Continued Responses to additional questions from: Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 235 Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 234 Manson, Hon. H. Craig, Assistant Secretary for Fish, Wildlife and Parks, U.S. Department of the Interior ......................................................................... 24 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 104 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 113 Senator Graham ........................................................................................ 112 Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 109 Senator Jeffords ......................................................................................... 113 Miller, Dan, First Assistant Attorney General, Natural Resources and Envi- ronment Section, Colorado Department of Law ................................................ 44 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 129 Resolution, National Association of Governors........................................... 141, 143 Suarez, Hon. J.P., Assistant Administrator for Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, Environmental Protection Agency ................................................... 22 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 95 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 102 Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 98 Senator Jeffords ......................................................................................... 102 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Articles: Group Calls for Cleanup of Perchlorate in Aberdeen .................................... 203 Cleaning Cape Code Pollution, Boston Globe ................................................. 201 Fuel of Cold War Defenses Now Ignites Health Controversy, Wall Street Journal ........................................................................................................... 192 Military Cash Flows for New Water Supply, Cape Cod Times .................... 198 Court brief, DOD vs. Alasks environmental organizations............................... 152–166 Letters: Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Offi- cials............................................................................................................. 252, 254 Pollution and military training issues......................................................... 169–191 STAPPA/ALAPCO ............................................................................................ 257 Regulations, Groom Lake, Nevada, Federal Register ........................................... 167 Resolutions, National Association of Attorneys General .................................. 141, 143 Reports,