No. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION DIRECTORATE (NRCD) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME III MASTER PLAN FOR PROJECT CITIES VOLUME III-4 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR VARANASI CITY JULY 2005 TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. GE JR 05-038 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) NATIONAL RIVER CONSERVATION DIRECTORATE (NRCD) MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS THE STUDY ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA FINAL REPORT VOLUME III MASTER PLAN FOR PROJECT CITIES VOLUME III-4 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR VARANASI CITY JULY 2005 TOKYO ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. CTI ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD. Foreign Exchange Rate: Master Plan US$ 1 = JPY 109.09 US$ 1 = Rs 45.33 (As of March 2004) Feasibility Study US$ 1 = JPY 103.66 US$ 1 = Rs 43.70 (As of February 2005) FINAL REPORT ON WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR GANGA RIVER JULY 2005 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME I SUMMARY VOLUME II RIVER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT PLAN VOLUME III MASTER PLAN FOR PROJECT CITIES VOLUME III-1 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR LUCKNOW CITY VOLUME III-2 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR KANPUR CITY VOLUME III-3 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR ALLAHABAD CITY VOLUME III-4 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR VARANASI CITY VOLUME III-5 NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME VOLUME III-6 SOCIAL CONSIDERATION AND HYGIENE EDUCATION PLAN VOLUME III-7 RECOMMENDATIONS ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT VOLUME III-8 GIS DATA MANAGEMENT VOLUME III-9 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME VOLUME III-10 FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION VOLUME III-11 (SUPPORTING REPORT) CASE STUDY OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS VOLUME IV FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PROJECT CITIES VOLUME IV-1 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR LUCKNOW CITY PART 1 SEWERAGE SCHEME PART II NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME PART III PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME PART IV INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PART V ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION PART VI STAKEHOLDER MEETING PART VII DRAWINGS VOLUME IV-2 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR KANPUR CITY PART 1 SEWERAGE SCHEME PART II NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME PART III PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME PART IV INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PART V ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION PART VI STAKEHOLDER MEETING PART VII DRAWINGS VOLUME IV-3 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ALLAHABAD CITY PART 1 SEWERAGE SCHEME PART II NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME PART III PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME PART IV INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PART V ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION PART VI STAKEHOLDER MEETING PART VII DRAWINGS VOLUME IV-4 FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR VARANASI CITY PART 1 SEWERAGE SCHEME PART II NON-SEWERAGE SCHEME PART III PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND AWARENESS PROGRAMME PART IV INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME PART V ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL EVALUATION PART VI STAKEHOLDER MEETING PART VII DRAWINGS VOLUME V PILOT PROJECT FOR SANITARY IMPROVEMENT OF MANIKARNIKA GHAT VOLUME III-4 SEWERAGE MASTER PLAN FOR VARANASI Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Abbreviations Glossary of Terms TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.1 Need for a Sewerage Master Plan ................................................................................ 1-2 1.1.2 Key Issues for the Implementation of Sewerage Master Plan...................................... 1-3 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE MASTER PLAN .......................................................................... 1-4 1.3 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................. 1-4 1.4 SELECTION OF PRIORITY PROJECTS FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY ....................... 1-6 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CITY .................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 PRESENT WASTEWATER SYSTEMS.......................................................................... 2-1 2.3 REVIEW OF EXISTING INFORMATION..................................................................... 2-2 2.3.1 Summary of Ganga Action Plan................................................................................... 2-2 2.3.2 Sankat Mochan Foundation/USAID Proposal.............................................................. 2-3 2.3.3 Infrastructure Issues ..................................................................................................... 2-5 CHAPTER 3 CITY PLANNING AND POPULATION PROJECTIONS.................................... 3-1 3.1 UNDERSTANDING PAST AND EXISTING POPULATION....................................... 3-1 3.2 UNDERSTANDING DISTRIBUTION OF EXISTING POPULATION ........................ 3-2 3.3 POPULATION GROWTH PROJECTIONS .................................................................... 3-3 3.4 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION PROJECTIONS.......................................................... 3-7 3.4.1 Defining Urban Character of Municipal Wards and Peri-Urban Areas ....................... 3-7 3.4.2 Defining Ward Characteristics ..................................................................................... 3-7 3.4.3 Influence on Development Characteristics................................................................... 3-8 i 3.4.4 Data Constraints and Limitations ................................................................................. 3-9 CHAPTER 4 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY...................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLIED AND CONSUMED ............................................ 4-1 4.3 WATER SUPPLY PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEWERAGE .................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.4 MASTER PLAN FOR IMPROVED WATER SUPPLY.................................................. 4-2 CHAPTER 5 SEWERAGE PLANNING FRAMEWORK ............................................................ 5-1 5.1 PLANNING HORIZON ................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 PLANNING CAPACITY ................................................................................................. 5-1 5.3 LEVEL OF SERVICE ...................................................................................................... 5-2 5.4 SEWERAGE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY................................................................. 5-3 5.5 SEWER SERVICE AREAS AND POPULATIONS........................................................ 5-4 5.5.1 General .........................................................................................................................5-4 5.5.2 Sewerage Districts........................................................................................................ 5-5 5.5.3 Future Service Areas .................................................................................................... 5-5 5.5.4 Non-Sewerage Areas.................................................................................................... 5-6 5.5.5 Populations: Sewer Service and Non-service Areas..................................................... 5-6 5.6 WATER CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA ....................................................................... 5-7 5.7 WASTEWATER RETURN FACTOR AND PER CAPITA CONTRIBUTION ............. 5-8 5.8 PREDICTED WASTEWATER QUANTITY .................................................................. 5-8 5.8.1 Total Wastewater Quantity........................................................................................... 5-8 5.8.2 Sewer Connection Ratios ............................................................................................. 5-9 5.9 WASTEWATER STRENGTH ....................................................................................... 5-10 5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS........................................................... 5-10 5.11 CHOICE OF TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY............................................................... 5-11 5.11.1 Treatment Options...................................................................................................... 5-11 5.11.2 Post Treatment Options for UASB Technology......................................................... 5-11 5.11.3 Unit Rates Applied in the Calculation of Treatment Costs ........................................ 5-13 5.12 SEWER DESIGN CRITERIA ........................................................................................ 5-14 CHAPTER 6 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES .................................................................... 6-1 6.1 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES: DISTRICT 1..................................................... 6-2 6.2.1 Influent Flow Projections ............................................................................................. 6-2 6.2.2 Konia MPS 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