l Co r t 1957 Dick H od son and H . a Bul en py igh , , by g J y All r T s ook ma not e re ro duced in rights rese ved . hi b y b p foml without permission of the publishers . Library of Congress Catalo g Card N umber 56 — 1 1805 Eublished s imultaneously in Canada by S Re nald S aunders Pu l s ers To ronto 2B . I . gi , b i h , Printed in the U nited States of America Lois and Grace who had to to endless discussions on tape recording contain ed in many miles of recorded tape and put up with the seemingly ceaseless pounding of typewriter keys for over three years . CONTENTS FOREWORD PART ON E Why a Ta p e Re c o rder Fidelity of Sound — Simplicity of Recorder Operation Flexibility— Versatility— Economy of Operation— Con venience— By W ay of Explanation 2 Ta e Reco rd r Deve | 0 ment z A Histo r . p e p y 3 Auto ma t o n in Bus n s o m un t o n . i i e s C m ic a i s I4 Sound Records — Sales — Advertising — Training — Audio and Visual Programs Tec hn u s o f Us n a Ta R c o rde r I7 4 . iq e i g pe e Organiz ing Y our Thoughts — Thinking During Record ing— Selective Listening During Playback— Practical Tips about Recording and Playback Techniques PART TWO " o und R c o rds 27 5 . S e ’ Temporary Records — Briefings — Salesmen s Call Re ports — Expense Accounts — Data Transmission— Order Filling— Reports — Field Contacts — Exchange of Ideas Employment Applications — Dictati on — Secret Meetings — Official Messages — Inspection Semi -Permanent Records — Telephone Conversations Sales Meetings — I nterview Reports — Inventory Reports vii viii CON TEN TS — Delivery Control— Check Cashing— Labor Relations Liaison — Accident Reports — Complaint H andling Permanent Records — Indexing— Records of Important Meetings — Legal Facts — Medical Records — Mechanical Seund Library Performance Checks Effective Speeches or Presentations — Job Descriptions — Analyti cal Reviews M a rketing Ad ve rtis i ng — Se lli ng — Re ta il Busi ne s s Sales Conferences Sales Training Tailo red Sales Presentations Market Research Interviews with Dealers — I nterviews with U sers — Sales Tool — End -use Reports — Advertising Idea Sessions — Auditions — Air Checks Eavesdropping Message Repeater N ews Releases Point- oi -Purchase U ses Presentati ons of Campaigns Radio and TV Commercials Technical Reference Data Storyboards Testimonials Trade Show Exhibits — Retailer U ses — Recorded In -Store Com “ mercials — Radio Commercials — The Invisible Sales ” man — Semi -Automatic Fulfillment— Customer Reaction Emplo yee Tra ini ng 69 U S P — L of Memorized, niform ales resentations ibraries Successful Sales Talks — Sales Meetings — Live Training Sessions — Talk - and - Do Training— Self- Evaluation— Ori entation of N ew Employees — Personal Evaluation Telephone Solicitations 8 Aud o a nd V sua Pr s nta t o ns 77 . i i l e e i Sound —Slide Presentations — Costs and Materials — Me chanics — Typical Applications — Case Histories — Public Relations Plant Tours Exhibits Motion Picture Presentations G n ra Bus ness U s s 84 9 . e e l i e Authors — Farming— Mood Music— At- home Work— Li brary Research— Assembly Instructions — Time and Mo CON TEN TS ix tion Studies — Laboratory Research— Intem al Eaves dropping— I nternal News Reporting— Repeated Phone Messages — Safety W arnings — Voice Suggestion Box Noise Evaluation — Recording Conventions — Home Dic tatio n — Sound Trucks — Sound EHects — Mechanical Per fo rmance Evaluation — Memory Master— Entertainment While Traveling— Idea Exchange— Subjective Analysis PART THRE E IO N o n- Bus n ss Us s fo r the Ta e Rec o rder | 07 . i e e p ’ Party Games— Checklist— What s That Sound— M usical Quiz Vocal Quiz Mystery Voice Hidden Mike Gossip — Tape a Story— Add a Line — Thespians All — The Interviews — Scavenger Hunts — Tape Roulette— Fill-in the Blanks — Dancing “ Tape Recorder Hobbies — Tape Clubs — Recorded Auto ” graphs — Sound Hunting — Discussion by Mail — Re corded History— Radio Building Tape Albums — Tape Recorders as a House hold Tool— Recording Special Events — Recordings of and for the Children — The Tape Recorder as a Train ing Device PART FOU R Ho w to Sele ct a Ta pe Rec o rder | 39 ’ Tape Speeds — Frequency Response— Sound Track Number of Heads — A- B Switch— Recording Level Indi cator— Equalization Controls — Signal-to -N oise Ratio Reel Size — Timing Accuracy— Selection Locator— Re wind and Fast Forward Ratio — Automatic Tape Cut Off— Motors — Controls — Editing Key— Editing Facility — High - Speed Start and Stop — Input Jacks — Sequential Recording Adapter— Built-in Mixer— Output jacks Speakers — Amplifi ers — Power Output— Operating Sta bility — Public Address Facility— Power Requirements Weight— Price— Specifi cations for an Ideal Portable Recorder Ho w t ra t a Ta R co rd r I2 . o Ope e pe e e Thr eading the Tape — Controls — Volume Control— Input and Output Jacks — Repairs c c sso ri n w I3 . A e e s a d Ho to Use Them I66 Microphones Extension Cords Reels Recording Tape— Type of Base — Splicing and Editing Tape Other Accessories APPEN DI! Glo ssa ry o f Tec hnic al Te rms IN DE! FOREWORD o Much of the credit for this book must g , not to any individual o r to organization , but an amazing instrument the tape l . W recorder ithout this e ectronic marvel , there would not only co - have been no subject , but in all probability the authors would never have been able to collaborate on any project . W first I hen the idea for such a book entered my mind , immediately recognized that while the tape recorder was an old I to and familiar friend , was not enough of a technician adequately cover much of the information which was required . The answer was obvious — collaborate with someone who could - h provide the technical know how . T e right person for the job — a C was also obvious close friend from Marine orps days , H B . Jay ullen But I C was busy editing a new magazine in hicago , and Jay Bullen was busy at work as general manager of Leather neck M a a ine W W e w z . g in ashington had , ho ever, been keep ing in regular contact via tape recordings and thus the idea for the book developed through the medium it was to L C cover . ater, Jay moved to alifornia and again tape recorded efficien i correspondence provided an t link , simpl fying the job of developing ideas , making comments on various material and editing . But to credit just the tape recorder, itself, would be to fail to do justice to many industry experts who helped to provide f n ffi cials much o the material you will fi d in these pages . O of most of the companies manufacturing tape recorders were especially helpful in providing many technical details . Manu facturers of l o f tape and accessories were a so special assistance . C Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing ompany, in particular, helped on much special research . xi P A R T O N E 1 WHY A AP . T E RECORDER 2 AP V L PM N : A HI Y . T E RECORDER DE E O E T STOR A MA I N IN B IN COM M UNICA 3 . UTO T O US ESS TIONS 4 HNI OF IN G A AP . TEC QUES US T E RECORDER CHAPTER 1 WHY ’ A TAPE RECORDER BU SIN ESS PROCEDU RES were revolutionized a comparatively A revolu few years ago by a device called the telephone . new h tion is currently underway . T e device responsible is called the magnetic tape recorder . W to hat the automobile was the horse and buggy , the tape Th recorder is to older methods of sound recording . e auto mobil e left a solid and permanent impact on all types of busi The ness , its methods and techniques . tape recorder promises o t do the same . A magnetic tape recorder was an inevitabili ty because of A for fi ndin effi cient the merican penchant g simpler, more ways r o to do a job . Fo years technicians had a workable rec rder almost — one - within their grasp except for , all important ele H ’ ment . itler s sound technicians unwillingly supplied the II A A missing element late in World War . t this point merican ingenuity climbed back into the driver’ s seat and transformed s in what had previously been a delicate, expen ive laboratory strument into an amazingly practical and dependable tool of a thousand uses , reasonably priced . Today’ s magnetic tape recorder represents a new technique for accomplishing many essential business operations presently 3 4 HOW TO USE A TAPE RECORDER o being done by slower, more expensive , less desirable meth ds . Audible sound has been given a new dimension— not just in r r h us e o u ose a s . T e quality of reproduction , but in f p p well use fo r desire to sound various purposes is not new, but until the advent of the tape recorder it was frequently impossible or impractical due to various operational and mechanical T complexities . ape recorders have changed all this and con verted sound into a new tool for the modern businessman . Six basic factors are responsible for the magnetic tape re ’ corder s superiority over previously- used methods for record ing sound Fidelity of recorded and reproduced sound Simplicity of recorder operation Flexibility Versatility Economy of operation Convenience Fid elit of S o und G y enerally speaking , a tape recorder is subject to fewer pitfalls for faithf ul sound reproduction than either disc or wire recorders .