Fiji Post-Disaster Needs Assessment May 2016 Tropical Cyclone Winston, February 20, 2016 Government of Fiji Published by: Government of Fiji Lead Author: Simone Esler Copy-edit: Leila Mead Design: Sailesh Kumar Sen, SPC Front Cover Photo: Damaged village on north-east of Viti Levu. Photo by Chris Wensley, ADB Back Cover Photo: Southern Taveuni Island, near Kanacea. Photo by Vlad Sokhin, World Bank Fiji Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Tropical Cyclone Winston, February 20, 2016 May 2016 Government of Fiji i Supported and facilitated by With financial support by ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reducton Program An initatve of the African, Caribbean and Pacifc Group, funded by the European Union and managed by GFDRR Technical input by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Empowered lives. Resilient nations. Currency and equivalents: Currency unit = Fiji Dollar (F$) F$2.15 = US$11 Fiscal year: August 1–July 31 1 Exchange rate on February 22, 2016 ii FIJI Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................. 6 LIST OF TEXTBOX................................................................................................................................. 6 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................... 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................................................... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................................... 9 SUMMARY OF DAMAGE AND LOSSES.......................................................................................................................... 10 SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT......................................................................................................... 15 SUMMARY OF RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION NEEDS...................................................................................... 16 WAY FORWARD............................................................................................................................................................... 17 1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 18 1.1 DISASTER RISK PROFILE OF FIJI......................................................................................................................... 19 1.2 SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT OF FIJI.................................................................................................................. 19 1.3 TROPICAL CYCLONE WINSTON.......................................................................................................................... 19 1.4 RESPONSE FROM THE GOVERNMENT AND DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS........................................................ 20 1.5 POST-DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY.................................................................................. 21 1.5.1 Assessment of Disaster Effects.................................................................................................................. 22 1.5.2 Assessment of Disaster Impact.................................................................................................................. 22 1.5.3 Quality of Life............................................................................................................................................. 22 1.5.4 Recovery and Reconstruction Strategy and Needs..................................................................................... 23 1.5.5 Specific Context of this PDNA.................................................................................................................... 23 1.5.6 Limitations of this Assessment................................................................................................................... 23 2. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS.......................................................................................... 24 2.1 MACROECONOMIC IMPACT................................................................................................................................. 25 2.1.1 Pre-Disaster Economic Outlook................................................................................................................. 25 2.1.2 Post-Disaster Economic Outlook............................................................................................................... 26 2.2 EMPLOYMENT, LIVELIHOODS AND SOCIAL PROTECTION................................................................................ 27 2.2.1 Summary.................................................................................................................................................... 27 2.2.2 ESLP Sector Background........................................................................................................................... 29 2.2.3 Assessment of Disaster Impact.................................................................................................................. 32 2.2.4 Recovery Strategy and Needs.................................................................................................................... 35 2.3 DISASTER IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE............................................................................................................ 36 2.3.1 Quantification of Sectoral Quality of Life Indicators..................................................................................... 37 2.3.2 Composite Index on Quality of Life............................................................................................................. 42 2.3.3 Most Affected Provinces............................................................................................................................ 43 2.3.4 Use of the Quality of Life Index as a Measure of Recovery.......................................................................... 44 Tropical Cyclone Winston, February 20, 2016 1 FIJI Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 3. DAMAGE, LOSSES AND NEEDS BY SECTOR........................................................................... 46 3.1 PRODUCTIVE SECTORS....................................................................................................................................... 47 3.1.1 Agriculture.................................................................................................................................................. 47 3.1.2 Commerce and Manufacturing................................................................................................................... 53 3.1.3 Tourism...................................................................................................................................................... 57 3.1.4 Mining Sector............................................................................................................................................. 61 3.2 SOCIAL SECTORS................................................................................................................................................. 64 3.2.1 Education................................................................................................................................................... 64 3.2.2 Health........................................................................................................................................................ 72 3.2.3 Housing..................................................................................................................................................... 73 3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS.............................................................................................................................. 78 3.3.1 Transport.................................................................................................................................................... 78 3.3.2 Water and Sanitation.................................................................................................................................. 82 3.3.3 Electricity.................................................................................................................................................... 86 3.3.4 Communications........................................................................................................................................ 91 3.4 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES.................................................................................................................................... 95 3.4.1 Environment............................................................................................................................................... 95 3.4.2 Gender and Social Inclusion....................................................................................................................... 99 3.4.3 Culture and Heritage.................................................................................................................................. 105 4. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT...............................................................................................