Nanoelectronic Mixed-Signal System Design Saraju P. Mohanty Saraju P. Mohanty University of North Texas, Denton. e-mail: [email protected] 1 Contents Nanoelectronic Mixed-Signal System Design ............................................... 1 Saraju P. Mohanty 1 Opportunities and Challenges of Nanoscale Technology and Systems ........................ 1 1 Introduction ..................................................................... 1 2 Mixed-Signal Circuits and Systems . .............................................. 3 2.1 Different Processors: Electrical to Mechanical ................................ 3 2.2 Analog Versus Digital Processors . .......................................... 4 2.3 Analog, Digital, Mixed-Signal Circuits and Systems . ........................ 4 2.4 Two Types of Mixed-Signal Systems . ..................................... 4 3 Nanoscale CMOS Circuit Technology . .............................................. 6 3.1 Developmental Trend . ................................................... 6 3.2 Nanoscale CMOS Alternative Device Options ................................ 6 3.3 Advantage and Disadvantages of Technology Scaling . ........................ 9 3.4 Challenges in Nanoscale Design . .......................................... 9 4 Power Consumption and Leakage Dissipation Issues in AMS-SoCs . ................... 10 4.1 Power Consumption in Various Components in AMS-SoCs . ................... 10 4.2 Power and Leakage Trend in Nanoscale Technology . ........................ 10 4.3 The Impact of Power Consumption and Leakage Dissipation . ................... 11 5 Parasitics Issue . ................................................................. 12 5.1 Types of Parasitics ........................................................ 12 5.2 The Impact of Parasitics ................................................... 12 5.3 Challenges to Account Parasitics during Design . ............................ 14 6 Nanoscale Circuit Process Variation Issues . .......................................... 14 6.1 Types of Process Variation . .............................................. 14 6.2 The Impact of Process Variation . .......................................... 14 7 The Temperature Variation Issue . ................................................... 15 7.1 The Issue of Temperature .................................................. 15 7.2 The Impact of Temperature . .............................................. 16 7.3 Challenges to Account through PVT-Aware Design ............................ 16 8 Challenges in Nanoscale CMOS AMS-SoC Design . ................................. 17 8.1 AMS-SoC Design Flow ................................................... 17 8.2 AMS-SoC Unified Optimization . .......................................... 18 9 Tools for Mixed-Signal Circuit Design .............................................. 19 9.1 The AMS-SoC Design Issue . .............................................. 19 9.2 Languages for AMS-SoC Design . .......................................... 19 9.3 Tools for AMS-SoC Design and Simulation . ................................. 21 9.4 Transistor Models ........................................................ 21 References . .......................................................................... 23 xiii xiv Contents 2 Emerging Systems Designed as Analog / Mixed-Signal System-on-Chips (AMS-SoCs) ......... 29 10 Introduction ..................................................................... 29 11 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)................................................... 29 11.1 AFM: What Is It? ........................................................ 29 11.2 AFM: Background ....................................................... 29 11.3 AFM: What is Inside? . ................................................... 30 12 Biosensor Systems . ............................................................ 31 12.1 Biosensor: What Is It?. ................................................... 31 12.2 Biosensor Systems: Background . .......................................... 34 12.3 Biosensor Systems: What is Inside? ......................................... 34 13 Blu-ray Player . ................................................................. 35 13.1 Blu-ray Player: What Is It? . .............................................. 35 13.2 Home Video Systems Background: From Video Cassette Player to Blu-ray Player . 36 13.3 Blu-ray Player: What Is Inside? . .......................................... 36 14 Drug-Delivery Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (DDNEMS) . ....................... 37 14.1 DDNEMS: What Is It? . ................................................... 37 14.2 Drug-Delivery Systems: Background . ..................................... 37 14.3 DDNEMS: What Is Inside? . .............................................. 38 15 Digital Video Recorder (DVR) . ................................................... 39 15.1 DVR: What Is It? . ........................................................ 39 15.2 DVR: Background ........................................................ 40 15.3 DVR: What Is Inside? . ................................................... 40 16 Electroencephalogram (EEG) System . .............................................. 41 16.1 EEG System: What Is It? .................................................. 41 16.2 EEG System: Background . .............................................. 41 16.3 EEG System: What Is Inside? .............................................. 41 17 GPS Navigation Device ........................................................... 42 17.1 GPS Device: What Is It? ................................................... 42 17.2 GPS Device: Background .................................................. 42 17.3 GPS Device: What Is Inside? . .............................................. 42 18 GPU-CPU Hybrid (GCH) System .................................................. 43 18.1 GCH: What Is It?. ........................................................ 43 18.2 Graphics Processing: Background . .......................................... 44 18.3 GCH: What Is Inside? . ................................................... 45 19 Networked Media Tank (NMT) . ................................................... 47 19.1 NMT: What Is It? ........................................................ 47 19.2 NMT: Background ....................................................... 47 19.3 NMT: What Is Inside? . ................................................... 47 20 Net-Centric Multimedia Processor (NMP). .......................................... 48 20.1 NMP: What Is It? ........................................................ 48 20.2 NMP: Background ....................................................... 49 20.3 NMP: What Is Inside?. ................................................... 50 21 Radiation Detection System (RDS) . .............................................. 51 21.1 RDS: What Is It? . ........................................................ 51 21.2 RDS: Background ........................................................ 51 21.3 RDS: What Is Inside? . ................................................... 52 22 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Chip ......................................... 53 22.1 RFID Chip: What Is It?. ................................................... 53 22.2 RFID Chip: Background ................................................... 54 22.3 RFID Chip: What Is Inside? . .............................................. 55 23 Secure Digital Camera (SDC) . ................................................... 57 23.1 SDC: What Is It? . ........................................................ 57 23.2 SDC: Background ........................................................ 57 23.3 SDC: What Is Inside? . ................................................... 58 Contents xv 24 Set-Top Box (STB) . ............................................................ 59 24.1 STB: What Is It? . ........................................................ 59 24.2 STB: Background ........................................................ 59 24.3 STB: What Is Inside? . ................................................... 59 25 Slate Personal Computer (SPC) . ................................................... 60 25.1 Slate PC: What Is It? . ................................................... 60 25.2 Slate PC Background: The Developmental Trend of General Purpose Computer Reaches at Slate PC....................................................... 61 25.3 Slate PC: What Is Inside? .................................................. 62 26 Smart Mobile Phone . ............................................................ 63 26.1 Smart Phone: What Is It? .................................................. 63 26.2 Smart Phone: Background . .............................................. 64 26.3 Smart Phone: What Is Inside? .............................................. 64 27 Software Defined Radio (SDR) . ................................................... 64 27.1 SDR: What Is It? . ........................................................ 64 27.2 SDR: Background ........................................................ 65 27.3 SDR: What Is Inside? . ................................................... 66 28 TV Tuner Card for PCs ........................................................... 66 28.1 TV Tuner Card: What Is It? . .............................................. 66 28.2 TV Tuner Card: Background . .............................................. 67 28.3 TV Tuner Card: What Is Inside?