Interaction Design for Digital Musical Instruments A dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Patrick McGlynn, BA, MA. Supervisors: Dr. Victor Lazzarini & Dr. Gordon Delap Department of Music National University of Ireland, Maynooth Ollscoil na hÉireann, Má Nuad May 2014 Table of contents Table of contents .......................................................................................................... 2 Table of figures ............................................................................................................ 7 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ 8 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 13 1.1 Context of research .......................................................................................... 14 1.2 Summary of hypotheses ................................................................................... 16 1.3 Original contribution of thesis ......................................................................... 17 Chapter 2. A century of electronic musical controllers.............................................. 20 2.1 Keyboard based instruments ............................................................................ 21 2.1.1 The Musical Telegraph ............................................................................. 21 2.1.2 Teleharmonium ......................................................................................... 21 2.1.3 Optophonic piano ...................................................................................... 22 2.1.4 Sphaerophone ............................................................................................ 22 2.1.5 Hammond organ ........................................................................................ 22 2.1.6 Electronic Sackbut .................................................................................... 22 2.1.7 Mellotron ................................................................................................... 23 2.1.8 Moog modular ........................................................................................... 23 2.1.9 Optigan ...................................................................................................... 23 2.1.10 Synclavier ................................................................................................ 24 2.1.11 ADS 100 .................................................................................................. 24 2.1.12 EDP wasp ................................................................................................ 24 2.1.13 Fairlight CMI .......................................................................................... 25 2.1.14 Syntar ...................................................................................................... 25 2.1.15 Roland SH-101 ........................................................................................ 25 2.1.16 Yamaha DX7 ........................................................................................... 26 2.2 Buttons and dials .............................................................................................. 26 2.2.1 Electrophon & Kurbelsphäraphon............................................................. 26 2.2.2 Dynaphone ................................................................................................ 26 2.2.3 Voder speech synthesizer .......................................................................... 27 2.2.4 Electronium Scott ...................................................................................... 27 2.2.5 Wurlitzer Side Man ................................................................................... 27 2.2.6 Roland TR-808 .......................................................................................... 28 2.2.7 Linn LM-1 ................................................................................................. 28 2.2.8 Dynachord Rhythm Stick .......................................................................... 28 2.2.9 Akai MPC60 ............................................................................................. 28 2.2.10 Axis 64 .................................................................................................... 29 2.2.11 Jammer .................................................................................................... 29 2.2.12 Monome .................................................................................................. 29 2.2.13 Samchillian .............................................................................................. 30 2.2.14 Maschine ................................................................................................. 30 2.2.15 Arc ........................................................................................................... 31 2.2.16 Tenori-on ................................................................................................. 31 2.2.17 Zendrum .................................................................................................. 31 2.2.18 Faderfox .................................................................................................. 32 2.3 Ribbons and strips ............................................................................................ 32 2 2.3.1 Ondes Martenot ......................................................................................... 32 2.3.2 Hellertion & Helliophon ........................................................................... 33 2.3.3 Trautonium ................................................................................................ 33 2.3.4 Theremin cello .......................................................................................... 33 2.3.5 Buchla Thunder ......................................................................................... 34 2.3.6 Swarmatron ............................................................................................... 34 2.4 Gesture based systems ..................................................................................... 34 2.4.1 Theremin ................................................................................................... 34 2.4.2 Radio Baton ............................................................................................... 35 2.4.3 Laser harp .................................................................................................. 35 2.4.4 Buchla Lightning ....................................................................................... 36 2.4.5 Very Nervous System ............................................................................... 36 2.4.6 Wii Remote ............................................................................................... 36 2.4.7 Airpiano .................................................................................................... 37 2.4.8 SoundCatcher ............................................................................................ 37 2.4.9 Peacock ..................................................................................................... 38 2.5 Wind controllers ............................................................................................... 38 2.5.1 Lyricon ...................................................................................................... 38 2.5.2 Casio DH range ......................................................................................... 38 2.5.3 Yamaha WX range .................................................................................... 39 2.6 Combined controllers ....................................................................................... 39 2.6.1 Composer-Tron ......................................................................................... 39 2.6.2 Buchla ....................................................................................................... 39 2.6.3 VCS3 ......................................................................................................... 40 2.6.4 GROOVE system ...................................................................................... 40 2.6.5 Casio VL-1 ................................................................................................ 40 2.6.6 Synthaxe .................................................................................................... 41 2.6.7 Ztar ............................................................................................................ 41 2.6.8 You Rock Guitar ....................................................................................... 41 2.6.9 Reactable ................................................................................................... 42 2.6.10 Silent drum .............................................................................................. 42 2.6.11 T-Stick ..................................................................................................... 42 2.6.12 Eigenharp ................................................................................................ 43 2.6.13 Orbit .......................................................................................................