ORCHESTRAL SNARE DRUM PERFORMANCE: AN HISTORICAL STUDY A Monograph Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts in The School of Music by Guy Gregoire Gauthreaux II B.M.Ed., Northeast Louisiana University, 1978 M.M., Northwestern University, 1979 May 1989 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS . i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . iii ABSTRACT . vi Chapter I. INTRODUCTION . 8 Importance of the Study . 11 Purpose of the Study . 11 Objectives of the Study . 12 Procedures of the Study . 12 Delimitations and Limitations of the Study . 13 Definition of Terms . 15 Organization of the Study . 17 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND MATERIALS . 18 Tabor . 18 Pipe and Tabor . 19 Fife and Drum . 23 Snare Drum and Dancing . 24 Basque Music . 26 Orchesography by Tabourot . 28 Syntagma musicum by Praetorius . 32 Il Torneo by Pistofilo . 34 Early Military Sources . 37 Harmonie universelle by Mersenne . 41 Early Military Drum Signals . 48 The Voluntary Before the March . 51 Military Use at Sea . 52 Janissary music . 57 III. REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MUSICAL EXAMPLES . 60 Opera . 60 Incidental Music . 71 Cantatas . 76 Battle music . 78 Outdoor Music . 81 Social or Functional music . 85 ORCHESTRAL SNARE DRUM PERFORMANCE: AN HISTORICAL STUDY By Guy Gregoire Gauthreaux II i Standard Orchestral Repertoire . 90 Early Works . 90 Strict Military Associations . 91 Military and Folk Associations . 99 Folk Associations . 100 Military, Folk, and Neutral Associations . 101 Neutral Associations . 101 Unique Applications . 106 Chamber Music . 108 Jazz Influences . 108 Multiple Percussion . 111 Snare Drum Concerti . 112 Rolf Lieberman . 112 Askell Másson . 115 IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS . .120 Summary . 120 Conclusions . 126 Recommendations . 128 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY . 130 APPENDIX A . 147 “De Tamburi: E di simili voci di Strumenti da Guerra” from Il torneo di Bonaventura Pistofilo Nobile Ferrarese dottor di legge e cavaliere. nel Teatro di Pallade dell ordine Militare, et Accademico . by Bonaventura Pistofilo APPENDIX B . 167 An English translation of “De Tamburi: E di simili voci di Strumenti da Guerra” from Il torneo di Bonaventura Pistofilo Nobile Ferrarese dottor di legge e cavaliere. nel Teatro di Pallade dell ordine Militare, et Accademico . by Bonaventura Pistofilo VITA . 181 ORCHESTRAL SNARE DRUM PERFORMANCE: AN HISTORICAL STUDY By Guy Gregoire Gauthreaux II ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Rope-tensioned tabor . 18 2. Title page from Nine Daies Wonder by Kemp . 19 3. Tambourin (de Provence) . 20 4. Sixteenth century drum . 29 5. Conversion of Tabourot’s terminology . 30 6. Tabourot’s beats utilizing Tan and Tere . 30 7. Combinations of four Tan and one Fre . 32 8. Plate XXIII from Syntagma musicum by Praetorius . 33 9. Early drum music—Pistofilo, 1621 . 35 10. Transcription of early drum music . ..