The History of Nippon Kogaku 1600 - 1949 Update: 9 Oct 2018 Table of contents 1. Introduction. 3 1. How to write all these names.. 3 2. Foreword. 3 2. The optical history. 3 1. Camera obscura. 3 2. Telescope. 3 3. Binoculars. 3 4. Microscope.. 4 3. History of optical companies. 4 1. History of Barr & Stroud (Scotland). 4 2. History of Bausch & Lomb (USA). 4 3. History of Leitz (Germany). 4 4. History of Throughton & Simms (England). 4 5. History of Hensoldt (Germany). 4 6. History of Carl Zeiss (Germany). 4 7. History of Kershaw (England). 4 8. History of Krauss (France).. 4 9. History of P.J. Kipp & Zonen (the Netherlands).. 4 10. History of Doctor (Germany). 5 11. History of optical glass. 5 4. History of optical industry in Japan.. 5 1. Early telescopes.. 5 2. The start of the photographical industry.. 6 3. Japanese optical history. 7 4. An example of military influence in 1931. 12 5. Roots of the Japanese optical industry. 12 6. Japanese expansion. 12 7. The beginning of the Japanese lens. 13 5. Birth of Nippon Kogaku. 14 1. The birth of Nippon Kogaku. 16 2. Iwaki Glass Seizo-sho. 16 3. Tokyo Keiki Seisaku-sho. 16 4. Fujii Lens Seizo-sho.. 17 5. Nippon Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha.. 18 6. Military relations. 19 7. Expanding. 20 8. The Ohi plant. 21 9. European contacts.. 21 10. Co-operation with Canon. 23 11. Names and logos.. 27 6. Pre-war and war production. 29 1. Periscopes and first lens coatings. 29 2. Rangefinders. 30 3. Technologies gained on working for the Yamato class ships. 31 4. High precision mechanical devices. 32 5. Binoculars. 32 6. Telescopes. 32 Hans Braakhuis page 1 7. Lenses. 32 8. Cameras. 33 9. Microscopes.. 37 10. Bomb-sight.. 38 11. Stereoscope.. 38 12. Trench binocular. 39 13. Who made these optical items. 40 7. Post-war production. 40 1. Fluoro-Record Camera. 42 2. Vertexometer. 43 3. MIOJ. 43 4. Post-war comeback 1945 - 1954.. 43 5. Industrial Standardization Law.. 44 6. Other Japanese 35 millimeter cameras before the Nikon I. 44 7. Early Japanese film format on 135 film. 44 8. Lenswear. 45 8. Nippon Kogaku production list. ..