Exchange Rate 1 Pakistan Rupee (Rs.) = 0.871 Japanese Yen (Yen) 1 Yen = 1.148 Rs. 1 US dollar (US$) = 77.82 Yen 1 US$ = 89.34 Rs. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Karachi Transportation Improvement Project ................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Background................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.2 Work Items ................................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.1.3 Work Schedule ........................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.2 Progress of the Household Interview Survey (HIS) .......................................................................... 1-5 1.3 Seminar & Workshop ........................................................................................................................ 1-5 1.4 Supplementary Survey ....................................................................................................................... 1-6 1.4.1 Topographic and Utility Survey................................................................................................. 1-6 1.4.2 Water Quality Survey ................................................................................................................ 1-7 1.4.3 Turning Movement Traffic Count Survey ................................................................................. 1-7 Chapter 2 Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) for Karachi ............................................................................ 2-1 2.1 Feature of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) .................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1 World Trend ............................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 BRT Type ................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.3 BRT Capacity ............................................................................................................................ 2-3 2.1.4 Speed ......................................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.1.5 Elevated BRT ............................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.1.6 Cost Performance ...................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.1.7 Institutional Structure ................................................................................................................ 2-5 2.2 Review of BRT Studies in Karachi .................................................................................................... 2-6 2.2.1 PPP Environmental Friendly Public Transport System (2006) .................................................. 2-6 2.2.2 Karachi BRT Pre Feasibility Planning Study .......................................................................... 2-10 2.3 BRT Scenario in Karachi ................................................................................................................. 2-12 2.3.1 Trunk–Feeder Services and Direct Services ............................................................................ 2-12 2.3.2 Configuration of Lanes, Station, and Vehicle .......................................................................... 2-18 2.3.3 Traffic Control ......................................................................................................................... 2-19 2.3.4 Business Model, Institution and Organization ......................................................................... 2-25 2.3.5 Recommendation ..................................................................................................................... 2-27 Chapter 3 Conceptual Design ............................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 BRT Network and Route ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Green Line ................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.2 Red Line .................................................................................................................................... 3-2 3.1.3 Blue Line ................................................................................................................................... 3-3 3.2 Station Location ................................................................................................................................ 3-4 3.2.1 Distance between Stations ......................................................................................................... 3-4 3.2.2 Proposed Station Locations ....................................................................................................... 3-4 3.3 Cross Section ..................................................................................................................................... 3-9 3.3.1 Station Place in Road Space ...................................................................................................... 3-9 3.3.2 Cross Section at Station ............................................................................................................. 3-9 3.3.3 Cross Section between Stations ............................................................................................... 3-11 3.4 Vehicle Type .................................................................................................................................... 3-11 3.4.1 Candidate of the vehicle .......................................................................................................... 3-11 3.4.2 Basic Specification of Vehicles of Karachi BRT ..................................................................... 3-15 3.4.3 Vehicle Size ............................................................................................................................. 3-16 3.4.4 Doorway Arrangement ............................................................................................................ 3-18 3.4.5 Floor Height............................................................................................................................. 3-18 3.4.6 Engine ...................................................................................................................................... 3-19 3.5 Demand Forecast ............................................................................................................................. 3-21 3.5.1 Present Traffic ......................................................................................................................... 3-21 3.5.2 Future Traffic Methodology .................................................................................................... 3-22 3.5.3 Without Project Case ............................................................................................................... 3-24 3.5.4 Results of Demand Forecast of Green & Red Lines ................................................................ 3-26 3.5.5 Traffic Volume Data of the Demand Forecast ......................................................................... 3-34 i 3.5.6 Passenger Shift from Present Road ......................................................................................... 3-34 3.6 Selection of Depot ........................................................................................................................... 3-40 3.6.1 Total Area of Depot Facility .................................................................................................... 3-40 3.6.2 Depot Location ........................................................................................................................ 3-41 Chapter 4 Operation Plan .................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 Traffic Management .......................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 U-Turn Traffic ........................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Roundabouts .............................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.3 Control of right-turn traffic ........................................................................................................ 4-3 4.1.4 Design of BRT Bus U-Turn Facility .......................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.5 Bottleneck Sections ................................................................................................................... 4-5 4.2 Operation Plan ..................................................................................................................................