Entrepreneurship and Institutions in Innovation systems research: Evidence from the Nigerian film industry Item Type Thesis Authors Nuhu, Habib M. Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 25/09/2021 20:48:36 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15907 University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INSTITUTIONS IN INNOVATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH: Evidence from the Nigerian Film Industry H.M. NUHU PhD UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD 2016 Entrepreneurship and Institutions in Innovation systems research: Evidence from the Nigerian film industry Habib Mas’ud NUHU Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Management and Law University of Bradford 2016 ABSTRACT Habib Mas’ud Nuhu 2016 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INSTITUTIONS IN INNOVATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH: Evidence from the Nigerian Film Industry Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Innovation Systems, Institutions. As the innovation systems approach becomes increasingly transferred from developed to developing countries as a framework for achieving increased productivity, the notion of deficient institutions becomes more important. Prior research on innovation systems has adopted a broad treatment of institutions that has resulted in an omission of the impact that deficient institutions have on implementing innovation. Towards providing a treatment of institutions that is more specific and by extension, accounts for the impact of deficient institutions within developing country innovation systems, this thesis on the account of both the person- centric characteristic of the entrepreneur and the entrepreneur’s ability to deal with uncertainty focused on answering the research question: How do entrepreneurs deal with deficient institutions in developing country innovation systems in order to introduce innovation? By considering the context of the Nigerian film industry innovation system, this thesis showed that entrepreneurs dealt with the deficient institutions by substituting them with informal institutions during their interactions with Nigerian actors, and with formal institutions that looked to be external to the Nigerian environment when interacting with international actors. In addition to this, the decision to use these institutions was seen to have been influenced by both the situations that the entrepreneurs faced and their personal experiences personal experiences. By showing this, the thesis contributed to the literature on innovation systems by providing a more nuanced understanding of institutions in comparison with what previously existed. Another contribution was the introduction of agency (through analytical focus on the entrepreneur) within innovation systems research. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am sincerely grateful to my supervisors Professor Christos Kalantaridis and Dr Nikolaos Papageorgiadis. They efficiently guided me through this painstaking experience of writing a thesis, pushing and probing me into becoming a better researcher. They also set very high standards which guided the quality of this thesis. They were most patient when I did not get things right and never showed any discontent or frustration during the course of this research. They never stopped believing in me, which encouraged me to successfully complete this thesis. I am also grateful to my DRB tutor Dr Peter Prowse for his continuous encouragement during our meetings. I want to thank Jackie Franklin for her continuous provision of administrative support, and Gulrez Akhtar for constantly helping out with computer-related problems. My colleagues at Bradford University, as well as my former colleagues at UCL, deserve my appreciation for all the time spent with me discussing research. I would not have been able to collect the invaluable data I used in this research without the contribution and willingness to help from the interviewees in the organisations I visited. I thank them all for being helpful and trusting. I am indebted to my siblings’, Dr Mariam Nuhu-Lawal and Masaud Nuhu, for their rare supportiveness: could not ask for better siblings. I am also indebted to my family members and friends who were all very helpful during the course of completing this thesis. I will not mention names as I am sure to omit some and may thus offend them. However, there are two people without who all of this study would not have been possible: my parents, Alhaji and Dr Masaud Nuhu. This thesis and my actions from its completion onwards are dedicated to both of them. ii Table of Contents ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... ii List of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... vi List of Figures .................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND OF THESIS .......................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Research Background ...................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Research Gaps and Questions .......................................................................................... 4 1.4. Research Design .............................................................................................................. 7 1.5. Research Findings and Contributions ............................................................................... 8 1.6. Structure of Thesis ........................................................................................................ 10 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................ 12 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 12 2.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 12 2.2. Theoretical Origins of IS approach ................................................................................. 13 2.2.1. Interactive learning theory ........................................................................................... 13 2.2.2. Evolutionary theoretical approach ............................................................................... 14 2.3. Innovation Systems (IS) ................................................................................................. 16 2.3.1. Elements of an IS .......................................................................................................... 20 2.3.2 Types of IS..................................................................................................................... 27 12.3.3. Institutions in Innovation systems: A critique .............................................................. 33 2.4. Institutions and Entrepreneurship ................................................................................. 40 2.5. Research Gap and Questions ......................................................................................... 45 2.6. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER THREE .............................................................................................................. 49 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 49 3.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 49 3.2. Research Philosophy ..................................................................................................... 49 3.2.1. Ontology ....................................................................................................................... 50 3.2.2. Epistemology ................................................................................................................ 51 3.2.3. Philosophical stance ..................................................................................................... 52 3.2.4. Justification of a philosophical stance .......................................................................... 55 3.3. Research Logic ..............................................................................................................