Hydrological transport model calibration and integration by GUI in 52oNorth/ILWIS OS for the Dinkel River for supporting water quality studies Zun Yin February, 2010 Hydrological transport model calibration and integration by GUI in 52oNorth/ILWIS OS for the Dinkel River for supporting water quality studies by Zun Yin Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree in Master of Science in Water Resources Department. Degree Assessment Board Chairman Prof. Dr. Ing. Wouter Verhoef External Examiner Dr. Ir. M.J. Booij First Supervisor Dr. Ir. Chris Mannaerts Second Supervisor Dr. Ir. Suhyb Salama INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC). All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. Abstract Fresh water quantity and quality are the crucial components for human life and sustainable development. Hydrological transport model is the em- phasis of water resources management and water quality prediction. Water quality models are all based on the hydrologic information of the basin. But the complexity of hydraulic information collection and expensive hydrolog- ical softwares strongly influence the development of hydrological modeling. It’s necessary to find a low-cost but high quality way for hydrological model- ing study. With the development of geoinformation (GIS) and remote sens- ing (RS) technique, it is possible to retrieve hydrological parameters from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). How to integrate and manage hydro- logical information on a GIS platform for hydrological transport modeling is the main aim of this research. This thesis will apply Full EQuation model (FEQ) in study area for 1-D open channel unsteady flow simulation. From the hydro pre-processing package in Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS Open), river network can be extracted. Hydraulic parameters can be collected by measurement or DEM, which will be used as input for lookup table gen- eration. After the initial and boundary conditions are defined, mass and momentum equations are applied for discharge and water level calculation. The FEQ model will be calibrated by observed data to specify the coefficient of roughness (Manning’s n). The linkage between Hydro Preprocessing and FEQ model is done by a new created Graphic User Interface (GUI) in ILWIS Open during this research, which is able to integrate and manage required data of FEQ model from multi sources. A small basin-Dinkel River, which flows through the urban and rurual area at the boundary of Netherlands and Germany, is chosen as study area. The results show a good match between simulated and observed data. Both Hydro Preprocessing and FEQ are succeed in Dinkel River basin. On the other hand, the GUI is successful created to support water quality and quantity modeling in ILWIS Open. This open source interface enhances the utility of ILWIS Open and offers a free but effective way for water science research. Some reasons for errors are discovered, discussed and summarized during the discussion. In addition, some possible directions for further study are given at the end of this thesis. Keywords Hydrological model, FEQ, FEQUTL, Dinkel, ILWIS, GUI i Abstract ii Acknowledgements This thesis would not have successfully completed without help and support from many people. My first heartful gratitude goes to my first supervisor Dr. Ir. Chris Mannaerts and my second supervisor Dr. Ir. Suhyb Salama for their valuable suggestions, guid- ance, support, encouragement and constructive criticism in conducting research prepa- ration. I got an opportunity to learn more about water science and remote sensing techniques throughout my Msc study. My sincere thanks goes to Mr. Jeroen van der Scheer, Mrs. Gerda Boertien, Mr. Henk Top and other staff in Water Board Regge en Dinkel for their interest and tireless help for my research. Most of the data used in this research are provided by them. I also give my great thanks to Mrs. Augrey L. Ishii from USGS for her patiently explaining questions that I met during studying the FEQ model. I’m very indebted to Dr. Ir. R.L.G. Rob Lemmens, M.L. Martin Schouwenburg and other staff of 52o North for their continued assistance during the user interface devel- opment. Thanks them for giving my partner Amos and me the chance to implement our result in ILWIS Open by awarding us the 52o North Geoinformatics Prize. It is a special pleasure to acknowledge Prof. Z. Bob Su, Prof. Wouter Verhoef, Ir. Arno van Lieshout and all other staffs from Water Department for their encourage- ment, guidance, suggestions during my Msc study in ITC. Their expertise and noble characters influenced me a lot on my research and life. I also want to acknowledge Dr. Ir. Rolf de By, Dr. David Rossiter, Dr. Ir. Suhyb Salama and Msc. Joris Timmermans for their expertise in LATEX and Matlab. Good typesetting by LATEX and graphs by Mat- lab in this thesis are due to supports and wisdoms of them. I’m very appreciate my best friend and partner — Mr. Amos Kabo-bah. This re- search cannot be successfully completed without help and encouragement from him. I’d like to thank Ali Ershadi, Demoz Kidane Negassi, Berhanu Alemseged Tesfaye, Shabani Marijani Massanzya, Emmanuel Olet, Chenai Epiphania Madamombe and other classmates in Water Department. I cannot forget the day and night when we prepared exams, studied, wrote team assignments together. It will be one of the best memories in my life. I’d like to thank the Chinese community in ITC and other Chinese friends in Enschede. They brought me a lot of fun and made me feel like at home. At last, I express my heartfelt gratitude to my respected parents, my father Baochen Yin and my mother Suying Yang, for their endless sacrifices, love and continuous en- couragement. All of my achievements are attributed to the love of them. iii Acknowledgements iv Contents Abstract i Acknowledgements iii List of Tables ix List of Figures xi 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Literature Review ........................... 4 1.1.1 Hydrological Transport Model ................ 4 1.1.2 Hydraulic Information Collection .............. 5 1.1.3 Model Calibration and Validation .............. 5 1.2 Objectives ............................... 6 1.2.1 Research Questions ...................... 6 1.2.2 Specific Objectives ...................... 6 2 Study Area 7 2.1 Dinkel River .............................. 7 2.1.1 Climate ............................. 8 2.1.2 Land Cover ........................... 8 2.1.3 Hydrology ........................... 8 2.2 Data ................................... 9 2.2.1 DEM .............................. 9 2.2.2 Hydraulic & Hydrological Data ............... 10 3 Methodology 11 3.1 Modeling Procedure .......................... 11 3.2 Hydro Preprocessing ......................... 11 3.2.1 Flow Determination ...................... 14 3.2.2 Flow Modification ....................... 15 3.2.3 Network & Catchment Extraction ............. 15 3.3 Full Equation Model ......................... 16 3.3.1 Basic Features & Coefficients ................ 17 3.3.2 Full Equations & Numerical Method ............ 18 3.3.3 Initial Settings for FEQ ................... 20 3.3.4 Methodology of FEQUTL ................... 21 v Contents 3.4 Calibration ............................... 23 3.5 Validation ............................... 24 3.6 User Interface ............................. 25 4 Data Preparation 27 4.1 Hydro Preprocessing ......................... 27 4.2 Input for FEQ ............................. 29 4.2.1 Geometry & Physical Parameters .............. 29 4.2.2 Discharge & Waterlevel Data ................ 30 4.2.3 Calculation Settings ..................... 32 4.3 Data Interpolation .......................... 32 5 Result 35 5.1 Manning’s n Retrieval ........................ 35 5.1.1 Algorithm for n Retrieval .................. 35 5.1.2 Time Series Analysis of Manning’s n ............ 37 5.2 Calibration ............................... 38 5.3 Validation ............................... 38 6 Discussion 41 6.1 Hydro Preprocessing ......................... 41 6.1.1 Resolution of DEM ...................... 41 6.1.2 Tracer for Bifurcation .................... 42 6.1.3 Cross Section Retrieval .................... 44 6.1.4 Human Activities ....................... 44 6.2 User Interface ............................. 44 6.3 Manning’s n .............................. 44 6.4 FEQ Validation ............................ 45 7 Conclusion & Recommendation 47 7.1 Conclusions .............................. 47 7.1.1 Hydro Preprocessing ..................... 47 7.1.2 Unsteady Flow Modeling ................... 48 7.1.3 User Interface ......................... 48 7.2 Recommendation ........................... 49 A Photos of the Dinkel River 55 B Discharge Analysis from 1999 to 2000 57 C Hydro Preprocessing 59 D User Interface of FEQ 61 D.1 Branch ................................. 61 D.2 Node ................................... 62 D.2.1 General Information ..................... 62 D.2.2 Cross Section ......................... 63 D.2.3 Boundary Condition ..................... 64 vi Contents D.3 FEQ GUI ................................ 65 vii Contents viii List of Tables 2.1 4 types of errors in different area